Connor is a 28-year-old student, referred by his university for a psychiatric evaluation. He reports that he has no friends at the university and people call him a loner. Recently, Connor has been giving lectures to pigeons at the university fountains. Connor is diagnosed as schizotypal, which differs from schizophrenia in that persons diagnosed as schizotypal:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Can be made aware of their delusions. Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd behaviors and beliefs, but individuals with this disorder can maintain some awareness of their unusual thoughts. This is in contrast to schizophrenia, where individuals may have difficulty recognizing their delusions as false. Therefore, the ability to be made aware of their delusions sets schizotypal individuals apart from those with schizophrenia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Are far more delusional than schizophrenics - This is incorrect as the severity of delusions can vary among individuals with different mental health disorders. C: Have a greater need for socialization - This is incorrect as schizotypal individuals often struggle with social interactions and may prefer solitude. D: Do not usually respond to antipsychotic medications - This is incorrect as individuals with schizotypal personality disorder may benefit from antipsychotic medications for symptom management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: risk for osteoporosis. Older adults are at a higher risk for osteoporosis due to alcohol consumption as it can further weaken bones, leading to fractures. This risk is not as prevalent in younger adults whose bones are typically stronger. Choice B: risk of car accidents is not age-dependent; alcohol impairs driving skills regardless of age. Choice C: risk for hallucinations can occur in both older and younger adults with alcohol intake, depending on individual susceptibility. Choice D: risk for vomiting is a common side effect of excessive alcohol consumption, which can affect individuals of all ages.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: mental illness. Severe anxiety that impacts daily functioning is indicative of a mental illness. Mental illnesses are conditions that affect a person's thinking, feeling, behavior, or mood. In this case, the client's inability to work due to increased anxiety indicates a significant impairment in their mental health. This falls within the category of mental illness on the continuum of mental health to mental wellness. Summary: A: Emotional problems or concerns typically refer to temporary issues such as stress or relationship difficulties, not as severe as a mental illness. B: Well-being signifies a positive state of overall health and happiness, which is not the case when a person is unable to function due to severe anxiety. D: Between well-being and emotional problems does not accurately capture the severity of the client's condition, which is indicative of a mental illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ineffective role performance R/T loss of job. This nursing diagnosis is the most reflective of the client's presenting problem because the client is expressing worry about not being able to support his family anymore due to losing his job as a welder. This directly relates to a disruption in his ability to fulfill his role as the provider for his family. A: Ineffective coping R/T poor self-esteem is incorrect because the client's primary concern is related to financial support, not self-esteem. C: Impaired social interaction R/T altered body image is incorrect as the client's worry is about providing for his family, not about altered body image affecting social interactions. D: Knowledge deficit R/T wound and skin care is incorrect as the client's main concern is about financial support, not a lack of knowledge about wound and skin care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "The end justifies the means." This statement aligns with the ethical principle of utilitarianism, which focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In utilitarianism, the consequences of an action determine its morality, and if the end result benefits the majority, then the means used to achieve it are justified. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: "If you mean well, you will be justified." - This statement reflects more of an intention-based ethical principle rather than utilitarianism that prioritizes outcomes over intentions. C: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." - This reflects the Golden Rule principle of reciprocity, not utilitarianism which emphasizes maximizing overall happiness. D: "What is right is what is best for me." - This choice is more aligned with ethical egoism, which prioritizes self-interest rather than the greater good for the majority.