Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can be diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography (between 16 and 24 wk of gestation) in > 50% of cases. Findings on ultrasonography may include the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oligohydramnios is not typically associated with CDH. The other findings are common on prenatal ultrasound in CDH cases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tachypnea is an early compensatory response to hypoperfusion in shock before blood pressure drops.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe coarctation of the aorta leads to left ventricular overload and heart failure in neonates. It presents with weak femoral pulses, differential blood pressure, and signs of poor perfusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Functional abdominal pain is diagnosed when symptoms occur in the absence of organic disease, with normal growth and well-being between episodes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tentorial herniation compresses the oculomotor nerve, leading to a fixed, dilated pupil. This occurs due to increased intracranial pressure, which causes brain herniation, affecting the parasympathetic fibers controlling pupil constriction.