Congenital defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, are usually repaired as early as possible to accomplish what?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Promote development of normal body image. Repairing congenital defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, early in life can promote the child's development of a positive body image. This early intervention can help the child grow up with a sense of normalcy and reduce the impact of the defect on their self-esteem and quality of life. Option A) Minimize separation anxiety is incorrect because repairing the defect early does not directly relate to separation anxiety. Option B) Prevent urinary complications is incorrect because while early repair can prevent future urinary issues, the primary goal of early repair in this context is related to promoting a healthy body image. Option C) Increase acceptance of hospitalization is incorrect because the purpose of early repair is not to increase acceptance of hospitalization but rather to address the physical and psychological impact of the congenital defect. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind early surgical interventions for congenital defects in children is crucial for nursing care, as it informs the holistic care approach needed to support the child's physical and emotional well-being. It highlights the importance of early intervention in promoting positive body image development and overall quality of life for pediatric patients with genitourinary defects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Post urination dribbling. Bladder obstruction in infants can present with symptoms such as post-urination dribbling due to incomplete emptying of the bladder. This occurs because the obstruction impedes the normal flow of urine, leading to residual urine in the bladder that leaks out after urination. Option A) Renal colic is associated with renal calculi (kidney stones) and presents with severe flank pain radiating to the groin. This symptom is not indicative of bladder obstruction in infants. Option B) Strong urinary stream is a normal finding and not typically associated with bladder obstruction. In the case of obstruction, the urinary stream may be weak or intermittent. Option C) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be a complication of bladder obstruction due to stagnant urine in the bladder, but it is not a direct symptom of the obstruction itself. Understanding the symptoms of bladder obstruction in infants is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these signs early can lead to prompt intervention and prevention of complications such as urinary retention or urinary tract infections. Nurses should monitor infants for signs of post-urination dribbling, changes in urinary patterns, and abdominal discomfort to provide timely and effective care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Explain the disorder so they can explain it to others. This intervention is crucial because it empowers the parents with accurate information to educate their family and friends about the condition their child is born with. Ambiguous genitalia can be a complex and sensitive issue, and providing parents with the knowledge and language to discuss it openly can help reduce stigma and misinformation. Option B) Help parents understand that this is a minor problem is incorrect because it downplays the significance of the situation. Ambiguous genitalia may have implications for the child's physical and emotional well-being, and it should not be dismissed as minor. Option C) Suggest that parents avoid family and friends until the gender is assigned is inappropriate as it isolates the parents and promotes secrecy around a natural variation in human development. It's important to encourage open communication and support for the family during this challenging time. Option D) Encourage parents not to worry while the tests are being done is not the best choice because it overlooks the emotional distress and uncertainty that parents may be experiencing. Validating their concerns and providing them with accurate information is more beneficial than simply telling them not to worry. In an educational context, nurses play a vital role in providing support, guidance, and education to families facing challenging situations like ambiguous genitalia. By ensuring parents are well-informed and empowered to advocate for their child, nurses can help foster a supportive environment for the family and promote understanding and acceptance among their social circle.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Gender assignment involves collaboration between the parents and a multidisciplinary team. This answer is correct because gender assignment in cases of ambiguous genitalia requires a comprehensive approach involving input from healthcare providers, parents, and sometimes even psychological professionals. It is essential for parents to be involved in the decision-making process, considering the long-term implications for the child's well-being and identity. Option A is incorrect because while chromosome analysis may be part of the evaluation process, it alone does not determine gender assignment definitively. Option B is incorrect because a physical examination may not always provide a clear answer in cases of ambiguous genitalia. Option C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the process by suggesting that additional laboratory testing alone is necessary when, in fact, it is just one component of a more complex decision-making process. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of a holistic and collaborative approach when dealing with sensitive issues like gender assignment in newborns with ambiguous genitalia. It underscores the significance of involving parents in decision-making and the need for a multidisciplinary team to provide comprehensive care and support in such situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a child undergoing surgery to correct cryptorchidism, the correct answer is A) Prevent damage to the undescended testicle. Cryptorchidism refers to the condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. If left untreated, the undescended testicle is at risk for damage due to factors like increased temperature and abnormal positioning in the body. By surgically correcting cryptorchidism, the aim is to bring the testicle into the scrotum to prevent potential complications such as infertility, testicular cancer, and torsion. Option B) Prevent urinary tract infections is incorrect because cryptorchidism is not directly linked to urinary tract infections. Option C) Prevent prostate cancer is incorrect as prostate cancer is not a direct concern related to cryptorchidism in childhood. Option D) Prevent an inguinal hernia is incorrect as inguinal hernias are not a primary risk associated with untreated cryptorchidism in children. From an educational standpoint, understanding the rationale behind surgical interventions for conditions like cryptorchidism is crucial for nursing care of children. Nurses need to be able to explain the reasons for procedures to parents, ensuring they have a clear understanding of the benefits and potential risks involved in their child's treatment. It is essential for nurses to provide accurate information to support families in making informed decisions regarding their child's health and well-being.