ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
Conditions that produce acute kidney injury by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue are classified as intrarenal. The most common intrarenal condition is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, acute tubular necrosis (ATN). ATN is the most common intrarenal condition as it directly affects the functioning kidney tissue by causing damage to the renal tubules. This leads to impaired kidney function and acute kidney injury. Prolonged ischemia (choice A) can also cause intrarenal damage, but ATN is more common. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances (choice B) can lead to intrarenal damage, but ATN is still the most common cause. Hypotension for several hours (choice D) can result in prerenal acute kidney injury rather than intrarenal damage like ATN.
Question 2 of 5
What is a minimally acceptable urine output for a patient weighing 75 kg?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 37 mL/hour. For a patient weighing 75 kg, the minimally acceptable urine output is typically around 0.5 mL/kg/hour. Therefore, for a 75 kg patient, the calculation would be 75 kg x 0.5 mL = 37.5 mL/hour, which can be rounded down to 37 mL/hour. This amount ensures adequate renal perfusion and function. Incorrect choices: A: Less than 30 mL/hour - This is too low and may indicate inadequate renal function. C: 80 mL/hour - This is higher than the recommended minimum output and may lead to overdiuresis. D: 150 mL/hour - This amount is excessive and may indicate fluid overload or other issues.
Question 3 of 5
The patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week. The patient complains of general malaise and is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows that the patient's pH is 7.19, with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L. The nurse prepares to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate. In this case, the patient has metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate), likely due to renal failure. Administering sodium bicarbonate can help correct the acidosis and improve the patient's condition. Choices A and B are incorrect because the primary issue is metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis requiring intubation. Canceling dialysis, as in choice D, would not address the underlying metabolic acidosis and could worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, the most appropriate action is to administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate to correct the acid-base imbalance.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with lung cancer has received oxycodone 10 mg orally for pain. When the student nurse assesses the patient, which finding would the nurse instruct the student nurse to report immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression. Step 2: Respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min is dangerously low. Step 3: A low respiratory rate can lead to hypoxia and respiratory failure. Step 4: Immediate reporting is crucial to prevent further complications. Summary: Choice B is correct because a respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min indicates severe respiratory depression, which requires urgent intervention to prevent respiratory failure. Choices A, C, and D are important findings but do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk like respiratory depression.
Question 5 of 5
Which patient would the charge nurse assign to the step-down unit nurse who was floated to the intensive care unit for the day?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with COPD and normal blood gas values, who is ventilator dependent, is the most stable among the options. This patient's condition indicates that they are likely stable and may require routine ventilator care. The other options involve more critical conditions such as narcotic overdose with respiratory alkalosis, diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin drip, and acute respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis, which would require more specialized care and frequent assessments. Assigning the float nurse to the most stable patient allows them to focus on providing safe and effective care while being in an unfamiliar environment like the ICU.