Concerning saliva:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Saliva is slightly acidic, not alkaline. 2. The secretion of saliva is under both neural and hormonal control. 3. Saliva contains enzymes that digest carbohydrates, not proteins. 4. Therefore, choice C is correct as it provides accurate information about the alkalinity of saliva.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colon. The colon is not a part of the small intestine; it is part of the large intestine. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine, followed by the jejunum and then the ileum. The colon, also known as the large intestine, comes after the small intestine in the digestive system. Therefore, the colon is not a part of the small intestine, making choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. After a total gastrectomy, the patient lacks the intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum, leading to deficiency. This can result in megaloblastic anemia, neurological symptoms, and fatigue. A: Constipation is not typically associated with total gastrectomy. B: Dehydration may occur postoperatively but is not a specific consequence of total gastrectomy. C: Elevated total serum cholesterol is not a direct effect of total gastrectomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to describe the stools and associated symptoms helps the nurse gather important information for assessment. Understanding the frequency, consistency, color, and presence of blood in the stools can help determine the severity and potential causes of diarrhea. This information guides the nurse in deciding the appropriate next steps for care. Option A is incorrect as testing should be based on assessment findings. Option C is premature without assessing the patient first. Option B lacks relevance to the assessment process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: parasympathetic. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest functions, including stimulating digestion. It slows heart rate, increases intestinal activity, and promotes the secretion of digestive enzymes. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary movements, the sympathetic nervous system (B) is responsible for the fight or flight response, and the central nervous system (C) consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center of the body.