Concerning question 7, why do you think this drug is contraindicated in pregnancy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of congenital cretinism in the baby. This is because the drug may interfere with the normal development of the baby's thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism and intellectual disability. Choice A is incorrect as liver damage is not specifically linked to this drug in pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect because severe hypertension is not a common side effect of the drug in this context. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two incorrect statements.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: zygote. After fertilization, the sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote, which is the first cell of a new organism with a full set of chromosomes. A. Gamete refers to the sex cells (sperm and egg) before fusion. B. Embryo is the developmental stage after the zygote undergoes multiple cell divisions. C. Fetus is the term used for the developing organism after the embryo stage. Therefore, the correct term for the cell produced by fertilization is zygote as it represents the initial stage of the new organism's development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vulva. The vulva includes all the external female genitalia, such as the labia, clitoris, and mons pubis. It is the correct term that encompasses all these structures. The other choices, A, C, and D, represent specific parts of the female external genitalia and do not cover all components collectively. So, B is the best answer as it accurately describes the entire external female genitalia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why A (oxytocin) is the correct answer: 1. Oxytocin is known as the "love hormone" and is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor. 2. It is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. 3. Oxytocin plays a crucial role in childbirth, breastfeeding, and bonding between mother and child. Summary: B: Estrogen is a female sex hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and development of female secondary sexual characteristics. C: Granular cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that does not have any relation to uterine contractions. D: Progesterone is another female sex hormone that helps maintain pregnancy and prepare the body for childbirth, but it does not directly stimulate uterine contractions like oxytocin does.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phenobarbital. Phenobarbital was the first agent introduced for the treatment of epilepsy in the early 1900s. It was discovered to have anticonvulsant properties and became a mainstay in epilepsy treatment. Phenytoin (A), Carbamazepine (C), and Valproic acid (D) were introduced later than Phenobarbital and are not the first agents used for epilepsy treatment. Therefore, the correct answer is Phenobarbital as it was the first agent specifically developed and used for epilepsy treatment.