Concerning ADH

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus (low ADH) causes polyuria (water loss) and polydipsia (thirst) due to dilute urine classic signs. Alcohol inhibits ADH, increasing urine output. Surgical stress boosts ADH (stress response). ADH presence in mammals (e.g., hippos) is universal for water balance. Polydipsia/polyuria distinguish DI, key to its pathophysiology, unlike alcohol, stress, or species claims.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hormone secretion is typically triggered by nervous signals (e.g., hypothalamus to pituitary), blood chemistry (e.g., glucose for insulin), or other hormones not mechanical stretching, which suits exocrine glands (e.g., salivary). The cutoff omits options, but 'mechanical stretching' (C) is least endocrine-relevant per prior answer. This distinction underscores endocrine reliance on systemic cues, vital for coordinated responses, contrasting with mechanical triggers in other systems.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary adjusts to blood osmotic pressure high osmolarity (dehydration) increases ADH to retain water, not calcium, oxygen, or glucose directly. This osmoregulatory role distinguishes ADH, critical for fluid balance, contrasting with unrelated metabolic triggers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells raises blood glucose during hypoglycemia, unlike insulin (lowers), LH (reproduction), PTH (calcium), or calcitonin (calcium). This distinguishes glucagon's counterregulatory role, essential for fasting states, contrasting with unrelated functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pancreatic beta cells (often 'C' or adjusted) secrete insulin to lower glucose, not alpha (glucagon) or others. 'C' aligns with prior logic. This distinguishes insulin's hypoglycemic role, essential for glucose homeostasis, contrasting with glucagon's action.