ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
Component of local anesthetic solution which serves as vasoconstrictor:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levonordefrin is a vasoconstrictor that is commonly added to local anesthetic solutions to help reduce bleeding and prolong the anesthetic effect by constricting blood vessels at the injection site. Methylparaben, sodium bisulfite, and sodium pyrosulfite are not vasoconstrictors and do not serve this specific function in local anesthetic solutions.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been receiving intravenous heparin. When laboratory tests are drawn, the nurse has difficulty
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin, which is used to reverse the effects of heparin in cases of bleeding or elevated PTT/aPTT levels. It works by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant activity. Therefore, in this scenario where the patient is experiencing bloody stools, abdominal pain, and has elevated PTT/aPTT levels, the appropriate action for the nurse to take is to obtain an order for protamine sulfate to reverse the effects of heparin. This will help normalize the patient's coagulation profile and manage any bleeding complications associated with heparin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
Nonselective adrenergic blocking agents have a variety of therapeutic uses. Which agent is used for the treatment of heart failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carvedilol is available orally and is used to treat hypertension as well as congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. Sotalol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and to maintain normal sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent used for treatment of hypertension, angina, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) induced palpitations, angina and syncope, some cardiac arrhythmias induced by catecholamines or digoxin, pheochromocytoma; prevention of reinfarction after myocardial infarction; prophylaxis for migraine headache (which may be caused by vasodilation and is relieved by vasoconstriction, although the exact action is not clearly understood); prevention of stage fright (which is a sympathetic stress reaction to a particular situation); and treatment of essential tremors. Tamsulosin is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and is an alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agent.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a patient receiving enteral therapy. What is the most common complication of enteral therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Some drugs are excreted into bile and delivered to the intestines. Prior to elimination from the body, the drug may be absorbed. This process is known as:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enterohepatic cycling refers to the process where drugs excreted into bile are delivered to the intestines and then reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This recycling can prolong the drug's presence in the body and its therapeutic effects. Hepatic clearance and total clearance refer to the liver's ability to remove drugs from the bloodstream, while the first-pass effect involves the metabolism of drugs before they reach systemic circulation. Enterohepatic cycling is a unique mechanism that impacts drug pharmacokinetics.