ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Complications common to patients receiving hemodialysis for acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Hemodialysis involves fluid removal, which can lead to hypotension due to rapid changes in blood volume. 2. Hypotension is a common complication during hemodialysis sessions. 3. Patients on hemodialysis are at increased risk of hypotension due to decreased vascular tone. 4. Monitoring and managing hypotension is crucial to prevent further complications. Summary: B: Dysrhythmias are not commonly associated with hemodialysis for acute kidney injury. C: Muscle cramps may occur but are not as common as hypotension. D: Hemolysis is not a typical complication of hemodialysis for acute kidney injury.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these statements does NOT describe normal blood pH?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because normal blood pH is slightly basic, not acidic. Blood pH range is narrow (7.35-7.45) for optimal physiological function. A is incorrect because blood pH is slightly basic, not acidic. B is incorrect because the normal range of blood pH is indeed narrow. C is incorrect as it accurately describes the normal range of blood pH. Thus, D is the only statement that does not describe normal blood pH.
Question 3 of 5
A 34-year-old male client has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The client's family is questioning the care team as to why his abdomen is so large even though he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide the family?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged. In liver failure with ascites, there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to low oncotic pressure from decreased albumin production by the liver. This results in an enlarged transcellular fluid compartment, known as the "third space," leading to the distended abdomen. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately explain the specific fluid compartment enlargement seen in ascites related to liver failure. Option A refers to interstitial fluid, not the transcellular compartment. Option B incorrectly mentions the intracellular fluid compartment, which is not the primary issue in ascites. Option D incorrectly refers to plasma accumulating in the peritoneal cavity, which is not the mechanism behind the abdominal distension in this case.
Question 4 of 5
You are volunteering in the medical tent of a road race on a hot, humid day. A runner who has collapsed on the road is brought in with the following symptoms: sunken eyes, a body temperature of 100F, and a complaint of dizziness while sitting to have his blood pressure taken (which subsides upon his lying down). These are signs of a fluid volume deficit. Which of the following treatments should be carried out first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Give him an electrolyte solution by mouth. This is the first step because the runner is showing signs of dehydration, indicated by sunken eyes and dizziness. Providing electrolyte solution by mouth helps replenish lost fluids and essential electrolytes. Option A, offering water by mouth, may not be enough to address the electrolyte imbalance. Option B, cooling the body, is not the priority when the primary concern is fluid deficit. Option C, giving a transfusion of FFP, is unnecessary and not indicated for fluid volume deficit. Administering an electrolyte solution addresses the immediate need for rehydration and helps restore the body's electrolyte balance efficiently.
Question 5 of 5
A renal failure patient with severe hyperkalemia (K+ level 7.2 mEq/L) has just been admitted to the nursing unit. Given the severity of this situation, the nurse should be prepared to administer which intravenous infusion stat?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regular insulin infusion, rate dependent on lab values. Insulin drives potassium into cells, lowering serum levels. In this case of severe hyperkalemia, urgent intervention is required. The nurse should administer insulin to lower potassium levels quickly. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the hyperkalemia. Lactated Ringer solution does not specifically address hyperkalemia. Solu-Medrol is a steroid and Dilaudid is a pain medication, neither of which treat hyperkalemia.