Complete the following sentence: Antidiuretic hormone is secreted from the…

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Posterior pituitary gland. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and then transported to the posterior pituitary gland for secretion into the bloodstream. ADH plays a key role in regulating water balance by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not the primary sites of ADH production and secretion. The adrenal cortex produces hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, the thyroid gland produces hormones like thyroxine, and the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: congenital defect in gastric lipase. Steatorrhoea is the presence of excess fat in the stool due to malabsorption. Gastrinoma (A), ileal disease (C), and exocrine pancreatic disease (D) can all lead to malabsorption of fats resulting in steatorrhoea. However, a congenital defect in gastric lipase does not directly affect fat absorption in the intestines, making it the exception in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in hemolytic anemia, there is an increased breakdown of red blood cells, leading to excess bilirubin production. This results in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Unconjugated bilirubin is less soluble than conjugated bilirubin (Choice A). Conjugated bilirubin is excreted via the bile into the intestine, but not all of it is excreted in this manner (Choice B). Bile duct obstruction typically leads to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, not unconjugated (Choice C).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C. This is because a calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. This definition aligns perfectly with choice D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they involve raising the temperature of different substances (1L of water, 1gm of mercury, and 1gm of water) by 1 degree Celsius over different temperature ranges (15-16°C, 17-18°C), which do not match the standard definition of a calorie.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium regulation in the blood is primarily controlled by hormones released from the parathyroid and thyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) released by the parathyroid glands increases blood calcium levels, while calcitonin released by the thyroid gland decreases blood calcium levels. The other choices are incorrect because the testes primarily produce hormones related to reproduction (not calcium regulation), the adrenal medulla and pancreas are not directly involved in calcium regulation, and the thymus is involved in immune function but not in calcium regulation.