Combivir is a combination therapy used to treat HIV and AIDS include which of the following drugs?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamivudine and zidovudine. Combivir is a combination therapy that contains these two drugs, which are commonly used together to treat HIV and AIDS. Lamivudine and zidovudine work synergistically to inhibit viral replication by targeting different stages of the HIV life cycle. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that blocks the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, while zidovudine is also an NRTI that interferes with viral DNA synthesis. This combination helps reduce the viral load and improve the immune response in patients. Incorrect Choices: A: Lamivudine and stavudine - Stavudine is not part of the Combivir combination therapy. C: Abacavir and zidovudine - Abacavir is not part of the Combivir combination therapy. D: Abacavir and stavudine

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because both Lamivudine and Human interferon α are commonly used to treat chronic hepatitis B. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor that helps inhibit viral replication. Human interferon α is a type of immunomodulatory drug that boosts the immune system to fight the virus. Amantadine (choice C) is not typically used for treating hepatitis B, making it incorrect. Therefore, the combination of Lamivudine and Human interferon α (choice D) is the most appropriate treatment option for chronic hepatitis B.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primaquine. Primaquine is a radical curative drug for Plasmodium vivax malaria, targeting the liver stage of the parasite to prevent relapse. It is also used as prophylaxis in Chloroquine sensitive regions due to its effectiveness against both the liver and blood stages of the parasite. Quinine (A) is mainly used for treating severe malaria. Mefloquine (C) is used for prophylaxis but not as a radical curative for Plasmodium vivax. Chloroquine (D) is effective against Plasmodium vivax but not as a radical curative.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetracycline. Tetracycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Tetracycline is primarily metabolized in the liver and can exacerbate liver damage in patients with pre-existing liver conditions. Cotrimoxazole, Cephalexin, and Ethambutol are generally considered safe for use in patients with liver disease as they are not known to cause significant liver toxicity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that helps in the treatment of edema and metabolic alkalosis by promoting diuresis and increasing renal excretion of bicarbonate. It is effective in treating conditions associated with fluid retention and alkalosis. A: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart conditions like heart failure and atrial fibrillation, not edema or metabolic alkalosis. B: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used for conditions like hypertension and heart failure, but not specifically for metabolic alkalosis. C: Dobutamine is a beta-adrenergic agonist used in acute heart failure or shock situations, not for edema or alkalosis. In summary, Acetazolamide is the correct choice as it directly targets edema and metabolic alkalosis by affecting renal excretion of bicarbonate. Other options are