ATI RN
Intro to Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Combination chemotherapy is used in the treatment of cancer because:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Combination chemotherapy is used to target cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, reducing the likelihood of resistance. Single-agent therapy often leads to the development of resistant cell lines, as cancer cells can adapt to the drug. By using a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action, the treatment can more effectively kill cancer cells and prevent resistance. While two drugs may increase efficacy, the primary rationale is to overcome resistance. Larger doses of single agents are not the main reason for combination therapy.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following are antagonist and agonist pairs for the same receptor:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Butoxamine (β2 antagonist) and terbutaline (β2 agonist) target the same receptor, a true pair. Phenoxybenzamine (α-adrenergic antagonist) and cyclopentolate (muscarinic antagonist) act on different receptors. Pilocarpine and bethanechol are both muscarinic agonists, not antagonist-agonist. Oxymetazoline (α-agonist) and dobutamine (β1-agonist) differ in receptor specificity. Bromocriptine and pramipexole are dopamine agonists. The β2 pair is a classic example in pharmacology, illustrating receptor-specific antagonism and agonism.
Question 3 of 5
Androgen is secreted by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Androgens, mainly testosterone, are secreted by the testes' Leydig cells, activated by pituitary LH, making the testes the source. FSH regulates sperm, not androgens. GnRH from the hypothalamus triggers LH/FSH release, indirectly affecting androgens. The pituitary releases LH/FSH, not androgens. The testes' direct secretion role is fundamental, driven by LH, distinguishing it from regulatory hormones.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is conducting medication education about the difference between potency and efficacy to a group of patients. The nurse correctly determines that learning has occurred when the patients make which response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy (max effect) trumps potency (dose needed) for ‘best'-a high-efficacy drug fully relieves symptoms, unlike high-potency alone. Potency doesn't guarantee outcome. Efficacy doesn't mean fewer side effects-safety varies. Low-potency drugs can be effective but aren't side-effect-free. Greatest efficacy reflects learning, prioritizing treatment success.
Question 5 of 5
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining sleep and wakefulness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brainstem regulates sleep-wake cycles, promoting alertness or rest, per neurophysiology. The cortex processes thought, not cycles. The limbic system drives emotion, not sleep directly. The cerebellum coordinates movement. RAS's role is central, controlling consciousness states.