Colchicine is prescribed for a client with gout. The nurse reviews the client’s record, knowing that this medication would be used in caution in which of the following medical conditions?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Colchicine should be used with caution in patients with aplastic anemia or other blood dyscrasias, as it can exacerbate bone marrow suppression. While colchicine is used to treat conditions like Behcet disease and familial Mediterranean fever, it is not contraindicated in these conditions. Amyloidosis is not a primary concern with colchicine use. Monitoring blood counts is essential in patients with pre-existing hematologic conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: UTI in pregnancy needs safe, effective antibiotics. Amoxicillin, a penicillin, is safe (category B), effective against common pathogens (e.g., E. coli), and suitable in early pregnancy. Trimethoprim risks folate antagonism, avoided in first trimester. Tetracycline causes fetal bone/teeth damage, contraindicated. Erythromycin and flucloxacillin are less targeted for UTI. Amoxicillin's safety and efficacy make it ideal, protecting mother and fetus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nicotine toxicity can cause neuromuscular blockade (late phase), but atropine treats muscarinic effects, not paralysis, so that's false. It causes hypertension initially via catecholamine release, not hypotension, making that false. It harms the fetus (e.g., growth restriction), so that's incorrect. Benzodiazepines control agitation and seizures symptomatically, a true statement, useful in acute poisoning. Nausea/vomiting resolve faster than days. Benzodiazepines' symptomatic relief is a practical approach, addressing CNS overstimulation in nicotine overdose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sex differences affect drug metabolism (e.g., liver enzymes, body fat), leading to varied side effects, a normal pharmacodynamic variation, reassuring the client they're not at fault. Checking the drug delays a clear answer. Generic vs. brand typically doesn't alter side effects-bioequivalence is required. Uncertainty muddies education. Sex-based differences offer a concise, accurate explanation, normalizing their experience and enhancing understanding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Antagonists block endogenous chemicals' effects (e.g., beta-blockers vs. adrenaline), reducing activity. Agonists mimic, partial agonists partially activate, and agonist-antagonists mix effects. Decreasing an endogenous effect fits antagonists, a pharmacodynamic classification.