ATI RN
Basic Principles of Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Codeine is an example of a(n) as the cytochrome P450 system metabolizes the drug to facilitate receptor affinity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Codeine is a prodrug because it is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system into its active form, morphine, which has the desired receptor affinity. This step is essential for codeine to exert its analgesic effects. Agonist (A) directly activates receptors, antagonist (C) blocks receptor activity, and "none" (D) is not applicable in this context.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse understands the differences between drug excretion in children and that in adults. With this knowledge, what does the nurse consider when administering drugs to children?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because children have slower drug excretion compared to adults due to immature renal and hepatic functions. This makes them more vulnerable to drug accumulation and potential toxicity. Therefore, the nurse must prioritize assessing for drug accumulation when administering drugs to children. Choice A is incorrect because not all children need a higher dose of a drug, as dosages are based on weight and age-specific factors. Choice B is incorrect because children may not always excrete drugs rapidly, and the focus should be on potential drug accumulation. Choice D is incorrect because children do not always excrete drugs at the same rate as adults, and assessments are crucial not just to avoid side effects, but also to prevent drug accumulation.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has nine drugs prescribed to take daily. Which are common reasons for nonadherence to the drug regimen in an older adult? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Taking multiple drugs at one time can be overwhelming and lead to nonadherence due to complexity and confusion. Impaired memory can affect remembering to take medications, but not the primary reason. Decreased dexterity can make it challenging to handle medications, but it's not as common of a reason as the complexity of multiple drugs. Increased mobility doesn't directly impact medication adherence. Thus, the correct answer is A.
Question 4 of 5
An older patient has just started on hydrochlorothiazide and is advised by the health care provider to eat foods rich in potassium. What is the nurse’s best recommendation of foods to consume?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: C: Avocados and mushrooms are rich in potassium, which can help counteract the potassium-wasting effects of hydrochlorothiazide. Avocado contains around 485mg of potassium per 100g, and mushrooms have around 396mg per 100g. Both are excellent choices for increasing potassium intake. Summary: A: Cabbage and corn are not as high in potassium compared to avocados and mushrooms. B: Bread and cheese are not significant sources of potassium compared to avocados and mushrooms. D: Brown rice and fish do contain some potassium, but not as much as avocados and mushrooms.
Question 5 of 5
A patient hospitalized with a fractured femur after an automobile accident develops nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, and restlessness. The nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing which reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Opioid withdrawal. The symptoms described, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and restlessness, are common manifestations of opioid withdrawal. Opioids depress the central nervous system, and abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms as the body tries to readjust. Symptoms usually appear within 6-12 hours after the last dose. Other choices (B) Alcohol toxicity presents with confusion, stupor, and respiratory depression. (C) Flashbacks from LSD use are characteristic of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. (D) Nicotine withdrawal typically includes irritability, anxiety, and cravings.