ATI RN
Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Coarctation of the aorta causes all of the following signs except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the body. The signs of coarctation of the aorta include higher blood pressure in the upper extremities (Choice A) due to the narrowing of the aorta causing increased pressure proximal to the constriction. Right ventricular hypertrophy (Choice B) occurs as the heart works harder to overcome the obstruction in the aorta. Legs being cooler than arms (Choice C) is a result of decreased blood flow to the lower body due to the aortic narrowing. Hemodilution (Choice E) can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased blood pressure in the upper body. Nosebleeds (Choice D) are not typically associated with coarctation of the aorta but may occur due to other factors unrelated to this condition.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse has completed an assessment on a newborn. Which finding is considered abnormal?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nystagmus refers to involuntary and repetitive eye movements. It is considered abnormal in a newborn as it may be a sign of a neurological or visual problem. Therefore, if a nurse observes nystagmus during a newborn assessment, it should be further investigated and discussed with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate management. Profuse drooling, dark green or black stools, and slight vaginal reddish discharge are common findings in newborns and do not typically indicate a serious health issue.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is taking care of a 7-year-old child with a skin rash called a papule. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect to assess with this type of skin rash?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A papule is a small, solid, elevated skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter. It is usually palpable, firm, circumscribed, and can be various colors. Papules do not contain any fluid or pus. In this case, the nurse should expect to assess an elevated lesion that is firm and circumscribed, measuring less than 1 cm in diameter. This description matches option A, making it the correct choice for a papule.
Question 4 of 5
Airborne isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Airborne isolation is needed for a child hospitalized with chickenpox (varicella) because the virus causing chickenpox spreads easily through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can also be transmitted through direct contact with the rash or fluid from the blisters. By implementing airborne precautions, healthcare providers aim to prevent the spread of the virus to other patients, staff, and visitors in the healthcare setting. In contrast, mumps, exanthema subitum (roseola), and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) are generally not transmitted through airborne routes; therefore, they do not require airborne isolation in a hospital setting.
Question 5 of 5
Rickets is caused by a deficiency in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rickets is a condition that primarily affects children and is characterized by softening and weakening of the bones, leading to skeletal deformities. This condition is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D and calcium. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from the diet, and together they play a crucial role in bone health and development. Without enough vitamin D and calcium, the bones cannot mineralize properly, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of rickets. Other nutrients like vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, and iron do not directly cause rickets.