Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is generally regarded as superior to gemfibrozil.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Clofibrate is associated with higher rates of adverse effects and drug interactions compared to gemfibrozil. Step 2: Gemfibrozil has been shown to be more effective in lowering triglyceride levels. Step 3: Studies have demonstrated that gemfibrozil reduces the risk of cardiovascular events more effectively than clofibrate. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is B (FALSE) as gemfibrozil is generally regarded as superior to clofibrate based on safety and efficacy data.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct: 1. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic commonly used to treat hypertension. 2. Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic often used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. 3. Fixed-dose combinations of both drugs are effective in managing essential hypertension. 4. Therefore, choice C, "Both of the above," is correct as it includes both hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide alone is not always part of fixed-dose combinations for essential hypertension. - Choice B is incorrect because amiloride alone is not commonly used to treat essential hypertension. - Choice D is incorrect because both hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride can be part of fixed-dose combinations for essential hypertension.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Glycopeptides. Glycopeptides inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, not protein synthesis. Macrolides (A), Aminoglycosides (B), and Tetracyclines (D) all inhibit protein synthesis at different stages, making them effective antibiotics against bacterial infections. Glycopeptides specifically target cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the growing peptidoglycan chain, leading to cell lysis. Therefore, Glycopeptides do not directly interfere with protein synthesis, distinguishing them from the other antibiotics listed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Streptomycin is known to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity refers to the damage it can cause to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss and balance issues. Nephrotoxicity refers to its potential to harm the kidneys. The other choices are incorrect because cardiotoxicity (A) and hepatotoxicity (B) are not typically associated with Streptomycin use. Retrobulbar neuritis with red-green color blindness (C) is a side effect of Ethambutol, not Streptomycin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mebendazole or Albendazole. These drugs are commonly used for the treatment of echinococcosis due to their efficacy against tapeworm infections. Mebendazole and Albendazole work by inhibiting the parasite's ability to absorb glucose, leading to its death. Suramin (choice A) is used for African sleeping sickness, not echinococcosis. Piperazine (choice C) is used for roundworm infections, not echinococcosis. Iodoquinol (choice D) is used for amoebic infections, not echinococcosis.