Clinical manifestations of TB.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Both A and B (Cough and Weight loss) because tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. The clinical manifestations of TB include a persistent cough that may produce bloody or purulent sputum, and weight loss due to the body's efforts to fight the infection, leading to loss of appetite and energy. Option A) Cough is incorrect because while it is a common symptom of TB, it is not the only clinical manifestation. Option B) Weight loss is also incorrect because although it is a significant symptom of TB, it alone does not encompass all the clinical manifestations of the disease. Option D) None of the above is incorrect as both cough and weight loss are key clinical features of TB. In an educational context, understanding the clinical manifestations of TB is crucial for healthcare professionals to recognize, diagnose, and treat the disease promptly. By knowing that TB presents with a combination of symptoms such as cough and weight loss, healthcare providers can initiate appropriate testing and treatment to prevent further spread of the infection and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) emphasize foods that are low in sodium. This option is the most appropriate because it directly addresses the goal of helping Mr. Owens comply with his 5-g sodium diet. By emphasizing foods that are low in sodium, the nurse is providing a practical and sustainable solution for Mr. Owens to manage his sodium intake effectively. Option A) asking his wife to add no salt when cooking may not be feasible or realistic for Mr. Owens and his family. It may lead to dissatisfaction with meals and non-compliance with the diet. Option B) telling him that salt substitutes are readily available is not the best choice as salt substitutes may contain potassium which can be harmful to individuals with certain health conditions. Option C) suggesting he salt his food lightly is also not ideal as it does not align with the strict 5-g sodium diet requirement. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of individualized dietary recommendations and the role of healthcare professionals in providing practical guidance to patients. It emphasizes the significance of promoting healthy eating habits while considering the specific needs and limitations of each patient. By choosing the correct answer, students learn the importance of tailored interventions in promoting patient adherence to dietary restrictions for better health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate response to explain cardiogenic shock to Mr. Payer is option C: "Her heart right now is unable to pump enough blood and oxygen to her body tissues." This response is correct because it directly addresses the physiological aspect of cardiogenic shock, which is the heart's inability to effectively pump blood to meet the body's needs. By providing this explanation, Mr. Payer can better understand the root cause of the condition and its implications for his wife's health. Option A is incorrect because it lacks clarity and does not provide any information about the medical condition. Option B is incorrect as it is vague and does not specifically mention the insufficient pumping of blood by the heart. Option D is also incorrect as it is not relevant to the situation at hand and does not address Mr. Payer's need for information about cardiogenic shock. Educationally, this question serves to assess the learner's understanding of cardiogenic shock and their ability to communicate complex medical concepts in a clear and empathetic manner. By selecting the correct response, learners demonstrate their knowledge of cardiovascular physiology and their capacity to effectively communicate medical information to patients and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the acute phase of a severe pulmonary embolism, the priority goal of nursing care is to treat shock and sustain life, making option A the correct answer. This is because a pulmonary embolism can lead to a sudden decrease in blood flow to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening condition. Nurses must focus on stabilizing the patient's condition by addressing shock, ensuring adequate oxygenation, and supporting vital functions. Option B, instructing about treatment to be followed, is incorrect for this question as immediate life-saving interventions take precedence over patient education in the acute phase of a severe pulmonary embolism. Option C, stressing the importance of follow-up, and option D, counseling regarding prevention of recurrence, are also incorrect as they are more relevant in the post-acute phase of care once the patient's immediate condition has been stabilized. In an educational context, understanding the priorities of nursing care in different phases of a health crisis like a pulmonary embolism is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care. By prioritizing interventions to address the most critical needs first, nurses can optimize patient outcomes and improve the chances of recovery. This question highlights the importance of rapid assessment and intervention in emergency situations to ensure the best possible patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the correct choice because a pulse rate of 108 that is irregular upon awakening in the night could indicate a potential arrhythmia or other cardiac issue following mitral valve replacement. This warrants immediate medical attention to assess and manage any complications that may be arising post-surgery. Option A (60 while watching television) is within a normal range for resting heart rate, especially during a sedentary activity like watching television. Option B (84 after eating breakfast) is also within a normal range for postprandial heart rate elevation due to the digestive process. Option D (96 after taking a walk) is a reasonable heart rate response to physical activity and does not necessarily indicate a concerning issue. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of patient education post-cardiac surgery, specifically in monitoring vital signs like pulse rate for early detection of complications. It highlights the need for patients to be vigilant about changes in their health status and to seek medical advice promptly when needed. Monitoring pulse rate can provide valuable insights into cardiovascular health and recovery progress.