Clinical findings that may suggest presence of DSD in a boy include the following except

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inguinal hernia before 6 months is common doesn't suggest DSD (disorder of sex development). Delayed puberty (gonadal dysfunction), cyclical haematuria (e.g., uterine remnant), and hypospadias with cryptorchidism (ambiguous genitalia) hint at DSD genetic/hormonal issues. Hernia's normalcy distinguishes it, key to excluding routine findings, unlike DSD-linked anomalies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are too large to filter into Bowman's capsule, unlike glucose, uric acid, and creatinine (small molecules). This distinguishes filtration selectivity, critical for normal renal function, contrasting with filtered solutes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angiotensin II targets blood vessels (vasoconstriction) and adrenal cortex (aldosterone release), not nerves, medulla (catecholamines), or nephron directly. This specifies RAAS effects, critical for sodium retention, contrasting with other systems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The renal capsule (fibrous) encases the kidney, not cortex, medulla (inner), or pelvis (collecting). This distinguishes external anatomy, critical for protection, contrasting with internal regions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renin, an enzyme from JG cells, initiates RAAS to raise BP, not aldosterone (steroid), angiotensinogen (substrate), or angiotensin II (product). This identifies BP regulator, critical for hypertension, contrasting with downstream factors.