Clinical examination of a child with large unilateral pneumothorax can show:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A large pneumothorax decreases breath sounds due to collapsed lung tissue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute hyponatremia causes rapid water influx into brain cells, leading to cerebral edema, which can result in seizures and altered mental status.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For effective defibrillation, the paddles should be placed at the apex and right infraclavicular area, ensuring optimal current flow through the heart to terminate life-threatening arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a female client age 66 admitted for a nephrolithotomy with a urinary tract infection, the best nursing action is to encourage fluid intake of 3000ml/day. Adequate hydration helps in flushing out the bacteria causing the urinary tract infection and can prevent further complications. Increasing fluid intake also helps in preventing the formation of new kidney stones. Administering IV fluids and blood transfusions may be necessary based on the patient's overall condition, but the priority action in this case is to promote increased oral fluid intake. Administering narcotic analgesics as prescribed can help manage pain related to the nephrolithotomy procedure, but it does not directly address the urinary tract infection. Suggesting taking herbs or spices to increase food palatability is not the priority in this situation and may not contribute significantly to the management of the urinary tract infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Second-hand smoke exposure increases the risk of middle ear effusions, leading to recurrent ear infections and potential hearing loss.