Chylomicron is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because chylomicron is a large lipoprotein particle produced in the small intestine absorbing dietary fats. This lipoprotein transports lipids to adipose tissue where they are broken down by lipoprotein lipase. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Chylomicron does not contain small amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides, nor is it associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis. B: Chylomicron carries dietary lipids, not cholesterol from the liver to tissues. C: Chylomicron does not contain high amounts of cholesterol and is not associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C. Renal failure and malabsorption are not major causes of hypercalcemia. - Hyperparathyroidism leads to increased calcium levels due to overproduction of PTH. - Cancer with or without bone metastases can release calcium into the bloodstream. - Hypervitaminosis D can cause hypercalcemia by increasing intestinal calcium absorption. Renal failure and malabsorption do not directly increase calcium levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osmotic diuretics. These agents are not absorbed when given orally due to their large molecular size, which prevents them from passing through the gastrointestinal mucosa. They must be administered parenterally for effective absorption and distribution in the body to exert their diuretic effects. Loop diuretics (B) are well-absorbed orally in the gastrointestinal tract. Thiazide diuretics (C) are also absorbed when given orally and act primarily in the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium-sparing diuretics (D) can be absorbed orally and exert their effects in the collecting duct of the nephron.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Lincozamides primarily target anaerobic organisms and Gram positive cocci. 2. Choice D aligns with the target organisms and is therefore correct. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as lincozamides do not demonstrate broad-spectrum bactericidal effects. - Choice B is incorrect as lincozamides do not primarily influence anaerobic organisms and Gram negative cocci. - Choice C is incorrect as lincozamides are more bacteriostatic than bactericidal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because fluoroquinolones are effective in treating both urinary tract and respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria, as well as bacterial diarrhea. They have broad-spectrum activity against various bacteria commonly involved in these infections. Choice A is incorrect because fluoroquinolones are not typically recommended as a first-line treatment for urinary tract infections. Choice B is incorrect because fluoroquinolones are not commonly used to treat bacterial diarrhea. Choice D is incorrect because while fluoroquinolones can be used for respiratory tract infections, it is not their primary indication.