Chronic use of which of the following may increase paracetamol toxicity

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, this question addresses the potential interaction between drugs and their impact on the toxicity of paracetamol (acetaminophen). The correct answer is C) Rifampicin. Rifampicin is an enzyme inducer that can increase the metabolism of paracetamol in the liver through the cytochrome P450 system. This increased metabolism can lead to the production of a toxic metabolite of paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which can cause liver damage and toxicity when accumulated in excessive amounts. A) Cimetidine is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, which would actually decrease the metabolism of paracetamol and potentially reduce its toxicity. B) Ketoconazole is also a cytochrome P450 inhibitor and would not increase paracetamol toxicity. D) "None of the above" is incorrect as rifampicin does indeed have the potential to increase paracetamol toxicity through enzyme induction. Understanding these drug interactions is crucial in clinical practice to prevent adverse drug reactions and ensure patient safety. Pharmacology education emphasizes the importance of recognizing how different drugs can interact and impact each other's effects in the body, highlighting the significance of considering these interactions in clinical decision-making.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All of the above' is correct because the FDA regulates purity and quality (consistency, contamination-free), identity (correct labeling), and strength (dosage accuracy) under its mandate to ensure drug safety and efficacy. 'Purity and quality' alone omits identity and strength. 'Identity' or 'strength' individually are incomplete. The FDA's comprehensive oversight, per the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, covers all these aspects, making 'all of the above' the full answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Quality' is correct because it ensures consistent standards across prescriptions, encompassing purity, strength, and identity for consumer reliability. 'Potency' is just strength, too narrow. 'Efficacy' is effect, not consistency. 'Purity' is contamination-free status, only part of quality. Quality, per FDA oversight, guarantees uniformity in every dose, aligning with consumer safety goals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: False' is correct because the FDA regulates OTC drugs for safety, efficacy, and labeling, though less stringently than prescriptions. 'True' is wrong—OTC monographs and approvals prove regulation exists. 'Not applicable' fits C/D for CSV. The FDA's oversight, per the 1938 Act, ensures OTC drugs meet standards, contrary to unregulated assumptions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: True' is correct because DEA allows medical records to document administered (not dispensed) controlled substances, like injections, if detailed properly. 'False' denies this flexibility. 'Not applicable' pads C/D. This practice, per federal guidelines, suffices for administration tracking without separate logs, streamlining office records.