Chronic use of this drug can lead to distal tubular hypertrophy, which may reduce its diuretic effect:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Chronic use of Furosemide can lead to distal tubular hypertrophy, reducing its diuretic effect due to compensatory changes in the nephron function. Furosemide is a loop diuretic acting in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acting in the proximal tubule. Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic acting on the collecting duct. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic acting in the distal convoluted tubule. Only Furosemide among the options affects the loop of Henle, leading to distal tubular hypertrophy over time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Isoniazid is a hydrazide of isonicotinic acid, making it the correct antimycobacterial drug. Step 2: Rifampin is a rifamycin antibiotic, not a hydrazide of isonicotinic acid. Step 3: Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial drug but not a hydrazide of isonicotinic acid. Step 4: Pyrazinamide is an antimycobacterial drug but not a hydrazide of isonicotinic acid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Praziquantel. Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treating neurocysticercosis as it is effective against the tapeworm causing this condition. It works by affecting the tapeworm's cell membrane, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite. Pyrantel is used for treating intestinal parasites, not neurocysticercosis. Piperazine is used for treating roundworm infections. Bithionol is used for treating certain types of flukes. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for neurocysticercosis treatment is praziquantel due to its effectiveness against the tapeworm causing the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anastrozole. Aromatase inhibitors block the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens. Anastrozole specifically inhibits aromatase, reducing estrogen levels. Octreotide (A) is a somatostatin analogue, Flutamide (C) is an androgen receptor antagonist, and Tamoxifen (D) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), not an aromatase inhibitor. Thus, the only drug among the choices that directly targets aromatase is Anastrozole.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lovastatin. Lovastatin is a statin drug that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. It is effective in reducing LDL cholesterol levels and decreasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Niacin (choice A) is also used for hyperlipidemia but has more side effects. Cholestyramine (choice B) is a bile acid sequestrant used for high cholesterol but is less effective than statins. Nicotinamide (choice D) is a form of vitamin B3 and is not indicated for hyperlipidemia.