Chromosomal causes of congenital malformations include

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene, not a chromosomal abnormality. Prader-Willi syndrome, X-linked hydrocephalus, and Treacher Collins syndrome are chromosomal or genetic disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Studies show that individuals with ASD often exhibit a diffuse increase in brain size during early development, although this finding is not universal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Early introduction of fish, eggs, meat, and wheat has been shown to decrease allergy risks. However, rye has not been found to provide a protective effect and may sometimes contribute to allergic responses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Omphalitis (infection of the umbilical stump) is a common skin and soft tissue manifestation in neonates, often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rheumatic polyarthritis predominantly affects large joints, not equally large and small joints.