Choose the WRONG statement:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fibers of corticospinal tract pass through the anterior limb of the internal capsule . Corticospinal fibers pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule, not anterior (frontopontine fibers). Choice A is correct (passthrough medullary pyramids). Choice B is true (below decussation, damage causipsilateral paralysis). Choice C is accurate (synapson alpha motor neurons). Thus, D mislocatthe fibers, making it the wrong statement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Control voluntary movement of the muscle of the face only , which is false. The corticonuclear tract originatfrom the precentral gyrus (A is true), descends through the internal capsule, and terminatin brainstem cranial nerve nuclei (B is true), such as 5 (jaw), 7 (face), 10 (pharynx), and 12 (tongue). It controls voluntary movements not just of the face, but also head and neck muscl(e.g., tongue, larynx), making C inaccurate. Fibers decussate partially in the brainstem (D is true), with variations e.g., lower facial fibers cross, but upper facial innervation is bilateral. This broader role is evident in deficits like contralateral tongue deviation or dysphagia from lesions, not face-only effects. Thus, C is the exception, as it wrongly limits the tracts function, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Controls only the musclof the face , which is false. The corticonuclear tract originatfrom the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe (A is true), descends through the internal capsule, and terminatin brainstem cranial nerve nuclei (B is true), such as 5 (jaw), 7 (face), 10 (pharynx), and 12 (tongue). It donot control only facial muscl(C is incorrect); it also governs voluntary movements of the head (e.g., tongue deviation) and neck (e.g., shrugging shoulders via cranial nerve 11), making its scope broader. Choice D is true; it decussatpartially, with variations e.g., lower facial fibers cross, but upper face innervation is bilateral. This is evident in stroke patients with contralateral tongue weakness or dysphagia, not just facial deficits. Thus, C is the exception due to its inaccurate limitation, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: It receivinput from stretch receptors in the stomach wall . The vomiting reflex is involuntary (A is false), triggered by medullary signals, not cortical control, unlike swallowings voluntary start. The vomiting center is in the medulla oblongata (not hypothalamus, making B wrong), near the area postrema. Choice C is false; cranial nerve 8 (vestibulocochlear) is involved, relaying vestibular input (e.g., motion sickness). Choice D is true; stretch receptors in the stomach wall signal via the vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) to the vomiting center, as in overdistension-induced vomiting. This medullary integration is evident in emetic responsto gastric irritation, supporting Ds accuracy. Thus, D is the true statement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Emotional factors . Emotions like stress or boredom can trigger hunger via cortisol or dopamine pathways, overriding physiological satiety, as seen in emotional eating research. Choice A is false; high glucose signals satiety, reducing hunger via insulin and leptin. Choice B is incorrect; a full stomach activatstretch receptors, suppressing appetite through vagal feedback. Choice C is wrong; high temperaturtypically reduce food intake for thermoregulation, unlike cold. Choice D is false; heating the brain (e.g., lateral hypothalamus) may suppress hunger, not stimulate it, per animal studies. Emotional factors uniquely act as psychological hunger cues, distinct from physical signals, evident in stress-induced snacking, making it the correct answer.