Choose the WRONG statement:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fibers of corticospinal tract pass through the anterior limb of the internal capsule . Corticospinal fibers pass through the posterior limb (D is correct), not anterior (frontopontine fibers). Choice A is true (synapson alpha motor neurons). Choice B is accurate (above decussation causcontralateral paralysis). Thus, C mislocatthe fibers, making it the wrong statement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is initiated involuntarily , which is false. The swallowing reflex involvcranial nerv5 (trigeminal, mastication), 7 (facial, lips/tongue), 9 (glossopharyngeal, sensation), and 10 (vagus, motility) (A is true), coordinating oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases. Choice B is incorrect; swallowing starts voluntarily (cortex initiatbolus movement), then shifts to an involuntary reflex controlled by the medulla. Choice C is true; peristalsis in the esophagus (primary and secondary waves) movthe bolus, driven by the vagus and enteric nervous system. Choice D is accurate; the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata (nucleus ambiguus) orchestratthe reflex. For example, cortical strokimpair voluntary initiation, while medullary damage disrupts the reflex, showing dual control. Thus, B is the exception, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Doctors overestimate the amount of information they give to patients . Studies, such as those in medical communication research, show doctors often assume theyve explained more than patients recall, overestimating information delivery. Choice A is false; while some doctors notice emotional clues, many prioritize biomedical aspects, missing cu(e.g., patient anxiety). Choice C is incorrect; a strong patient-doctor relationship enhanctrust, improving drug adherence and placebo effects, thus affecting outcomes. Choice D is wrong; patients value technical skill but also seek empathy and communication, per patient satisfaction surveys. is false; being called casdepersonalizpatients, often reducing trust, as humanistic care models emphasize. This overestimation stems from cognitive bias doctors assume clarity without verifying patient understanding impacting care quality. Real-world examplinclude miscommunication leading to non-compliance, underscoring Bs truth.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Time of the day . While circadian rhythms influence eating patterns, immediate food intake is less driven by clock time than physiological cues. Choice A (blood sugar) directly regulathunger via hypothalamic glucoreceptors low levels trigger eating. Choice B (body temperature) affects intake; cold increasappetite for energy, per thermoregulation studies. Choice C (stomach fullness) suppresshunger through stretch receptor signals to the brainstem. (sight of food) potently stimulatappetite via reward pathways (e.g., dopamine in the nucleus accumbens). Time of day is secondary; it sets habits but lacks the direct, acute impact of glucose, fullness, or visual cues, as seen in free-feeding experiments. Thus, D plays the least role, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: People in a society have one cultural expectation in all members , which is false. Societiare diverse, with varied cultural expectations across subgroups, not a singular norm. Choice B is true; societienable collective action (e.g., infrastructure) beyond individual capacity. Choice C is correct; ethnic diversity is common, as in multicultural nations. Choice D is accurate; shared territory and governance define societies, per sociological theory (e.g., Parsons). is true; subcultur(e.g., youth, religious groups) coexist within societies. As falsehood ignordiversity e.g., urban vs. rural expectations differ contrasting with the cooperative, pluralistic truths of B-E, making it the exception and correct answer.