Choose the true statement(s) about a person with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Type I diabetes features little/no insulin secretion due to beta-cell destruction, causing hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration without insulin therapy diet alone doesn't suffice. 'Dietary treatment may suffice' fits type II, not I. Hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis are true but incomplete alone. 'All' includes the false diet claim. Insulin absence distinguishes type I, requiring exogenous insulin, key to its autoimmune pathology, unlike manageable or partial truths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The rapid pupil dilation, heart rate increase, and breathing surge post-accident reflect the adrenal medulla's catecholamine release (epinephrine, norepinephrine), triggered by sympathetic nerve signals a neural stimulus. Humoral stimuli (e.g., blood ion changes) and hormonal stimuli (e.g., pituitary signals) are slower, and positive feedback (e.g., oxytocin in labor) amplifies responses. Neural activation's speed distinguishes it, critical for fight-or-flight responses in acute stress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises low blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone, releasing calcium. It also enhances kidney calcium reabsorption and intestinal absorption (via vitamin D), not excretion or reduction. Osteoblasts build bone, reducing blood calcium. Osteoclast activation distinguishes PTH's role, critical for calcium homeostasis, contrasting with bone-forming processes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inhibin, from gonadal Sertoli/granulosa cells, selectively inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release via negative feedback, regulating gametogenesis. Estrogens and progesterone broadly suppress pituitary hormones (including FSH), relaxin aids childbirth. Inhibin's specific FSH targeting distinguishes it, key to reproductive homeostasis, contrasting with broader gonadal feedback.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reduced thyroid function (hypothyroidism) lowers T3/T4, slowing basal metabolic rate (BMR), causing fatigue and cold intolerance not tolerance. Body fat may increase, and osteoporosis links to hyperthyroidism. Decreased BMR distinguishes hypothyroidism's impact, critical for aging metabolism, contrasting with cold adaptation or bone effects.