ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Choose the correct statement regarding the meningand associated spaces:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Denticulate ligaments attach the outer two meningeal layers to the spinal cord . The denticulate ligaments are extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater (the outermost meningeal layer), stabilizing it within the vertebral canal. Choice A is incorrect because the dura mater extends to S2, not L2. Choice B is wrong as the filum terminale externum is a continuation of the dura mater, not pia mater (the filum terminale internum is pia-derived). Choice C is incorrect because a lumbar puncture typically penetratthe dura and arachnoid mater to access the subarachnoid space, but not the pia mater, which adherto the spinal cord. Thus, D accurately describthe role of denticulate ligaments in connecting the pia to the dura, making it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Choose the wrong statement:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Knee jerk is an example on static stretch reflex . The knee jerk (patellar reflex) is a dynamic stretch reflex, triggered by a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle, detected by nuclear bag fibers (dynamic response), not a static stretch reflex (sustained stretch, nuclear chain). Choice A is correct (gamma fibers adjust spindle sensitivity indirectly). Choice B is true (secondary afferents connect to nuclear chain fibers). Choice C is accurate (primary afferents connect to nuclear bag fibers). Thus, D misclassifithe knee jerk reflex as static instead of dynamic, making it the wrong statement and the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A patient presents with lower back pain that radiatto the back of his thigh. He is unable to stand on his heels and reports abnormal sensations across the anterolateral aspect of his leg. MRI scans confirm the diagnosis of a herniated disc. The most likely affected nerve root emergfrom the vertebral column directly:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: above vertebra S1 . The symptoms pain radiating to the posterior thigh, inability to stand on heels (weak dorsiflexion), and anterolateral leg sensation suggest L5 nerve root involvement, typical of an L4-L5 disc herniation. The L5 root exits above the S1 vertebra (below L5). Choice A (under L4) affects L4, impacting knee jerk. Choice B (above L4) affects L3, not matching symptoms. Choice C (above L5) affects L4, not L5. Thus, L5 exiting above S1 fits the clinical picture, making D correct.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following structuris responsible for the interpretation of the emotional aspect of Pain:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cingulate gyrus . The cingulate gyrus, part of the limbic system, processthe emotional and motivational aspects of pain, integrating sensory input with affective responses. Choice A (occipital lobe) is incorrect as it handlvision. Choice C (insula) contributto pain perception and autonomic responses, but not primarily emotion. Choice D (midbrain) modulatpain via the periaqueductal gray, not emotional interpretation. Thus, B identifithe cingulate gyrus as the key structure for pains emotional aspect, making it correct.
Question 5 of 5
Consider the sensory pathways for the following two sensations: Discriminative touch sensations from the left foot, Heat sensations from the right leg. Choose the correct statement:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A right hemisection in the spinal cord at the level of the C4 segment would spare (preserve) both sensations . Discriminative touch (left foot) travels via the dorsal column (ipsilateral, left side) and decussatin the medulla, while heat (right leg) crossimmediately via the spinothalamic tract to the left side. A right C4 hemisection sparleft-sided dorsal column (touch) and already-crossed left-sided spinothalamic (heat) fibers. Choice A is wrong (touch ascends left, heat left). Choice B is false (heat synapsin spinal cord, not gracilis). Choice C is incorrect (both go to parietal lobe, not frontal). Thus, D is correct.