Choose the Correct statement:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Destruction of corticospinal tract below the decussation result in contralateral paralysis . This is incorrect: below decussation, damage causipsilateral paralysis. Choice A is wrong (above is contralateral). Choice C is false (ventral horn). Choice D is incorrect (right hemisection is right deficit). Assuming intent, none match perfectly possible error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Initiated voluntarily , which is false. The vomiting center is in the medulla oblongata (A is true), near the area postrema, coordinating the reflex. It receivvestibular input via cranial nerve 8 (B is true), causing motion sickness-related vomiting. Choice C is incorrect; vomiting is involuntary, unlike swallowings voluntary start, triggered by medullary signals (e.g., nausea reflex). It receivinput from circulating emetics (D is true) via the chemoreceptor trigger zone, responding to drugs or toxins. Brainstem lesions disrupt this reflex, not cortical control, confirming Cs inaccuracy. Thus, C is the exception, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is initiated voluntarily , which is not true. The vomiting center is in the medulla oblongata (A is true), near the area postrema, coordinating the reflex via the nucleus tractus solitarius. Choice B is false; vomiting is an involuntary reflex, unlike swallowing, triggered by medullary signals (e.g., nausea from toxins), not cortical control. Choice C is true; it involvcranial nerve 8 (vestibular, motion sickness), 9 (glossopharyngeal, sensation), and 10 (vagus, motility), forming the reflex arc. Choice D is correct; vestibular input (e.g., dizziness via cranial nerve 8) stimulatvomiting, as in seasickness. Medullary lesions abolish vomiting, while cortical damage donot, confirming its involuntary nature. Thus, B is the untrue statement, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Obese people react differently to food cucompared to non-obese people . Research, like fMRI studies, shows obese individuals exhibit heightened brain respons(e.g., in reward centers like the striatum) to food cues, driving overeating. Choice A is false; exercise boosts metabolism and calorie burn, critical for weight control per guidelinlike CDCs. Choice B is incorrect; no universal obese personality exists traits vary widely, debunking stereotypes. Choice D is wrong; stress often increaseating in obese individuals (emotional eating), unlike some non-obese who may eat less. is false; obese people are more, not less, responsive to food visuals, per behavioral studies. C reflects external cue sensitivity, a key obesity factor, distinguishing it from metabolic or personality myths, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ventromedial hypothalamus is the feeding center , which is false. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the satiety center lesions cause overeating, not hunger stimulation (Anand & Brobeck, 1951). The lateral hypothalamus drivfeeding. Choice A is true; anxiety triggers overeating in overweight people via stress hormones. Choice C is correct; metabolic rate drops in deprivation to conserve energy, per starvation studies. Choice D is true; personality variwidely among overweight individuals, lacking a uniform type. is accurate; exercise burns calories, aiding weight loss, per clinical guidelines. Bs error revershypothalamic rolVMH damage causobesity, not feeding initiation making it the exception and correct answer.