Choose the Correct statement:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Damage to corticospinal tract above the level of decussation results in ipsilateral paralysis . This is incorrect: above decussation, damage causcontralateral paralysis. Choice A is wrong (right hemisection is right deficit). Choice B is false (ventral horn). Choice D is incorrect (below is ipsilateral). Assuming intent, C should be contralateral possible error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The swallowing center is located in the cerebellum , which is not true. The swallowing center is in the medulla oblongata (A is true), specifically the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus, coordinating the reflex phase via cranial nerv9 and 10. Choice B is true; swallowing begins voluntarily in the oral phase (cortex-driven tongue movement) before becoming reflexive. Choice C is correct; the reflex involvcranial nerve 5 (trigeminal, mastication/sensation), 9 (glossopharyngeal, pharyngeal sensation), and 10 (vagus, pharyngeal/esophageal motility), with 7 also contributing (lips). Choice D is false; the cerebellum coordinatmovement but not swallowing, which relion medullary control. Damage to the medulla (e.g., stroke) causdysphagia, unlike cerebellar lesions affecting gait. Thus, D is the untrue statement, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is under voluntary control , which is false. The vomiting center is in the medulla oblongata (A is true), coordinating the reflex near the area postrema. Choice B is correct; it receivvestibular input via cranial nerve 8 (e.g., motion sickness), triggering vomiting. Choice C is inaccurate; vomiting is an involuntary reflex, not voluntarily initiated, unlike swallowings oral phase. Choice D is true; cranial nerv8 (vestibular), 9 (glossopharyngeal, sensation), and 10 (vagus, motility) mediate the reflex arc. Brainstem damage abolishvomiting, while cortical lesions do not, confirming its involuntary nature. Thus, C is the exception, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obese people are least responsive to the taste of food , which is false. Obese individuals often show heightened taste sensitivity, driving overeating, per sensory studies. Choice A is true; anxiety increascortisol, prompting eating in obese people (emotional eating). Choice C is correct; no single personality definobesity traits vary widely. Choice D is true; obese individuals often exhibit unrestrained eating, lacking dietary inhibition, per restraint scale research. is partially true; some obese people have lower basal metabolic rates, though not universally. Bs falsehood liin taste perception obese people arent less responsive; they may overeat due to reward-seeking, not dulled senses. Thus, B is the exception, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cold weather activatlateral hypothalamus . Cold temperaturstimulate the lateral hypothalamus (LH) to increase food intake for thermogenesis, per physiological studies. Choice B is false; an empty stomach activatthe LH, not the ventromedial hypothalamus (satiety center). Choice C is incorrect; high blood sugar suppresshunger via insulin and leptin signaling. Choice D is wrong; insulin increasappetite by lowering glucose, not decreasing intake. is false; exercise aids weight loss by burning calories. As truth is rooted in adaptive physiology cold triggers LH-driven eating to maintain body heat, as seen in animal models, making it the correct answer.