Chloroquine acts as

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chloroquine acts as an erythrocytic schizontocide for both P. falciparum and P. vivax. This means it targets and destroys the blood-stage parasites of these malaria species. The drug is effective in treating acute attacks of malaria caused by these parasites. Option A is incorrect because chloroquine primarily acts on the erythrocytic stage, not the preerythrocytic stage. Option C is incorrect as it mentions exoerythrocytic schizontocide, which is not the mechanism of action of chloroquine. Option D is incorrect as chloroquine is not specifically gametocidal for P. falciparum. In an educational context, knowing the specific actions of chemotherapy drugs like chloroquine is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to patients with malaria. Understanding the mechanisms of action helps in proper drug administration, monitoring for side effects, and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria, not for prophylaxis. The correct answer (B) is that it is not to be used for malaria prevention because quinine is typically reserved for treatment of acute malaria cases due to its potential side effects and development of resistance. Option A is incorrect because chloroquine has a longer elimination half-life than quinine. Option C is incorrect as quinine is active against P. vivax, one of the malaria-causing parasites. Option D is incorrect because quinine can be used in combination with sulfapyrimethamine in certain cases of malaria treatment. In an educational context, understanding the specific uses, contraindications, and side effects of chemotherapy drugs like quinine is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers. This knowledge ensures safe and effective administration of medications to patients, especially those with life-threatening conditions like malaria. Nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam must grasp these drug-specific details to provide optimal patient care and pass their licensure exam.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of chemotherapy drugs for malaria, the correct answer to the question is B) Primaquine. Primaquine is more active against the pre-and exoerythrocytic stages of the malarial parasite than against the erythrocytic stage. Primaquine is specifically used for the treatment of the liver stage of Plasmodium vivax and ovale malaria. It is effective against the dormant liver forms of the parasite (hypnozoites), which are responsible for relapses of the disease. This drug is not as effective against the erythrocytic stages of the parasite, where drugs like chloroquine or quinine are more commonly used. A) Chloroguanide is not as effective against the pre-and exoerythrocytic stages of the malarial parasite as Primaquine. C) Pyrimethamine is primarily used in combination with sulfadoxine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. D) Quinine is more effective against the erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites and is commonly used in severe cases of malaria. Understanding the specific actions and stages of action of different antimalarial drugs is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals when managing patients with malaria. It is important to differentiate between drugs that target different stages of the parasite's lifecycle to provide effective treatment and prevent resistance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question on metronidazole, option A is correct because metronidazole is indeed a drug of choice for amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess. Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, making it useful in treating infections like amoebiasis. Option B is incorrect because metronidazole does not provide the most rapid symptom relief in amoebic dysentery. Symptom relief may take a few days to manifest fully. Option C is also incorrect because metronidazole is not the most effective drug in eradicating amoebic cysts from the colon; it primarily targets the trophozoite stage of the parasite. Educationally, understanding the correct use of metronidazole in treating specific infections like amoebiasis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses and pharmacists who may be involved in administering these medications. Knowing the indications, contraindications, and potential side effects of chemotherapy drugs like metronidazole is essential for safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Tinidazole differs from metronidazole in that it has a longer elimination half-life (option C). This is because tinidazole has a half-life of about 12-14 hours compared to metronidazole, which has a shorter half-life of about 6-8 hours. The longer half-life of tinidazole allows for less frequent dosing, making it a more convenient option for patients. Option A is incorrect because both tinidazole and metronidazole are active against anaerobic bacteria, which is why they are used to treat infections caused by these organisms. Option B is incorrect as tinidazole and metronidazole have similar spectra of activity, primarily targeting anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Option D is incorrect as both drugs have similar oral absorption rates and are typically well-absorbed when taken orally. In an educational context, understanding the differences between chemotherapy drugs like tinidazole and metronidazole is crucial for nursing practice, especially when administering these medications to patients. Knowing the unique pharmacokinetic properties of each drug, such as elimination half-life, absorption, and spectrum of activity, helps nurses to make informed decisions regarding drug selection, dosing, and monitoring for adverse effects. This knowledge ultimately contributes to safe and effective patient care.