Children with aniridia should be screened using renal ultrasonography every 3-6 mo until approximately 5 yr of age if there is an 11p13 region deletion because the child is at risk for

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Wilms tumor. Aniridia, a condition characterized by the absence of an iris in the eye, is associated with the WAGR syndrome, which includes Wilms tumor as a major risk. Wilms tumor is a common kidney cancer in children, particularly those with genetic syndromes like WAGR. Screening for Wilms tumor is crucial in children with aniridia and an 11p13 region deletion due to this increased risk. Option A) rhabdomyosarcoma is not typically associated with aniridia or the specific genetic deletion mentioned. Option B) neuroblastoma is not a common risk for children with aniridia and is not typically associated with the 11p13 region deletion. Option D) gonadoblastoma is a rare tumor that occurs in individuals with disorders of sex development, not directly linked to aniridia or the genetic deletion mentioned. Educationally, understanding the association between specific genetic conditions like aniridia and the increased risk of certain cancers such as Wilms tumor is crucial for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients. Regular screening and early detection can significantly impact outcomes in these high-risk populations. This knowledge is essential for nurses, physicians, and other healthcare professionals who may encounter children with aniridia in their practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about pediatric HEENT disorders, the correct answer is A) Mobius syndrome. Bilateral facial palsy is a distinctive feature of Mobius syndrome, a rare congenital neurological disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of the facial nerves (cranial nerves VI and VII). This results in facial paralysis affecting both sides of the face. Option B) Brown syndrome is a condition that affects the eye movement and has no association with bilateral facial palsy. Option C) Parinaud syndrome is characterized by paralysis of upward gaze due to a lesion in the midbrain and is not related to bilateral facial palsy. Option D) Duane syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder that affects horizontal eye movements, not facial nerves. Educationally, understanding key clinical features of pediatric HEENT disorders like Mobius syndrome is crucial for healthcare professionals caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing distinct symptoms associated with different syndromes enables accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This question reinforces the importance of knowledge of unique characteristics of various pediatric conditions to provide optimal care for patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric HEENT disorders, understanding blepharitis is crucial for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam. Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, commonly caused by bacterial infections. In this question, the correct answer is A) Molluscum virus. This is because blepharitis is typically caused by bacterial infections, specifically by organisms like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococci, making options C and D incorrect. Option B, Phthirus pubis, is also incorrect as it is associated with pubic lice infestation, not blepharitis. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of recognizing common etiologies of blepharitis in pediatric patients. Understanding the typical causative agents helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Nursing students should be able to differentiate between various pathogens that can cause eye infections to provide effective care to pediatric patients. This rationale provides a comprehensive explanation of why the correct answer is right and why the other options are incorrect, reinforcing key concepts in pediatric HEENT disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) symblepharon. A symblepharon refers to the cicatricial adhesion between the conjunctiva of the eyelid and the globe. This condition can occur due to various reasons like ocular trauma, inflammatory conditions, or infections. Let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Pterygium: A pterygium is a growth of pink, fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva. It does not involve adhesion between the conjunctiva of the lid and the globe. B) Pinguecula: A pinguecula is a yellowish bump on the conjunctiva near the cornea. It is not associated with adhesions between the lid and the globe. D) Parinaudoculoglandular syndrome: This syndrome presents with granulomatous conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy, not with adhesions between the conjunctiva and the globe. Educationally, understanding pediatric HEENT disorders is crucial for healthcare providers, especially for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam. Recognizing terms like symblepharon helps in accurate diagnosis and management of eye conditions in children. This knowledge ensures safe and effective care for pediatric patients with eye issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Goldenhar syndrome. Epibulbar dermoids are a characteristic feature of Goldenhar syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by a combination of eye, ear, and vertebral abnormalities. Epibulbar dermoids are seen in about 75% of individuals with Goldenhar syndrome. Option A) Marfan syndrome is incorrect because epibulbar dermoids are not a common feature of this connective tissue disorder. Option B) Craniosynostosis is incorrect as epibulbar dermoids are not typically associated with this condition characterized by the premature fusion of skull bones. Option C) Alport syndrome is incorrect as it is a genetic disorder affecting the kidneys and hearing, not typically associated with epibulbar dermoids. Educational Context: Understanding the characteristic features associated with different syndromes is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatrics. Recognizing these features can aid in early diagnosis, appropriate management, and referral to specialists. This knowledge also helps in providing holistic care to pediatric patients with complex medical conditions.