Childhood psychosis may include all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) acute phobic hallucination. Childhood psychosis is a severe mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality. Hallucinations are sensory perceptions that appear real but are created by the mind, and in childhood psychosis, hallucinations can be auditory, visual, or tactile. However, acute phobic hallucinations specifically relate to intense fears or phobias, not psychosis. Option A) delusions are false beliefs, often irrational, that are maintained despite evidence to the contrary. Delusions are a common symptom of psychosis. Option B) loss of reality testing refers to the inability to distinguish between what is real and what is not real, a hallmark feature of psychosis. Option C) disorganized speech is another common symptom of psychosis where a person's speech may be incomprehensible or incoherent due to disorganized thinking processes. In an educational context, understanding the differences between various symptoms of childhood psychosis is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and support to patients and their families. Recognizing these symptoms early can lead to timely interventions and improved outcomes for children experiencing psychosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) a poor prognosis. After severe birth asphyxia, infants may exhibit motor automatisms as a sign of central nervous system damage. These automatisms are often associated with a poor prognosis due to the extent of brain injury sustained during the asphyxial event. Motor automatisms in this context can manifest as abnormal, involuntary movements or posturing that indicate significant neurological impairment. Option A) absence of oral-buccal-lingual movements is incorrect because motor automatisms after severe birth asphyxia typically involve abnormal movements rather than a lack of movement. Option B) time-synchronized electroencephalographic discharges is incorrect as it describes a specific EEG finding and not motor automatisms. Option C) significant cortical epileptic activity is incorrect because while seizures can occur after birth asphyxia, it is not indicative of motor automatisms specifically. In an educational context, understanding the implications of motor automatisms following severe birth asphyxia is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing these signs can prompt early intervention and appropriate care planning for infants with neurological sequelae. It underscores the importance of timely assessments, monitoring, and collaboration with the healthcare team to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in neonates, the basic defect requiring treatment is inadequate pulmonary exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which is correctly identified in option D. RDS, also known as Hyaline Membrane Disease, occurs due to a lack of surfactant in the immature lungs of preterm infants, leading to difficulty in oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal. Option A, metabolic acidosis, is incorrect because though it can be a consequence of inadequate oxygen exchange, it is not the primary defect in RDS. Option B, circulatory insufficiency, is also incorrect as the main issue in RDS lies within the lungs, affecting gas exchange, not the overall circulation. Option C, hypothermia, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of RDS. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of RDS is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for neonates at risk. Recognizing the primary defect guides appropriate interventions such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and surfactant replacement therapy, which are vital in managing RDS and improving outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and its associated anomalies is crucial for providing comprehensive care to infants affected by this condition. In this question, the correct answer is B) CNS lesions. The correct answer is B because CNS lesions are not typically associated with CDH. CDH primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia as a common complication. Cardiovascular lesions are also frequently seen in CDH cases due to the impact on the developing heart and blood vessels. Esophageal atresia can occur concurrently with CDH due to the malformation of the diaphragm. Educationally, it is important to highlight the diverse range of anomalies that can coexist with CDH to prepare nurses to anticipate and manage potential complications in affected infants. By understanding the typical and atypical associations, nurses can contribute to early detection, intervention, and holistic care for infants with CDH, optimizing outcomes and promoting family-centered care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the therapeutic effect of phototherapy is crucial in managing conditions like neonatal jaundice. The correct answer, D) in vivo metabolism and excretion of bilirubin, is not a factor that directly influences the effectiveness of phototherapy. Phototherapy works by converting bilirubin into water-soluble forms that can be excreted easily, regardless of the infant's metabolism and excretion rates. A) The distance between the lights and the infant is crucial as it determines the intensity of the light reaching the infant's skin, impacting the effectiveness of the treatment. B) Skin color plays a role as infants with darker skin may require different light wavelengths or longer exposure times for phototherapy to be effective. C) The surface area of exposed skin is important as a larger area exposed to the light ensures more bilirubin breakdown and elimination. Educationally, knowing these factors helps nurses optimize phototherapy treatment for neonatal jaundice. Understanding why certain factors matter and others do not guides clinical decision-making and promotes safe and effective pediatric nursing practice.