Child sexual abuse is the involvement of children in sexual activities that violates societal taboos. Most perpetrators are adults or adolescents who are known to the child and who have real or perceived power over the child. Of the following, perpetrators who are LESS often involved in child sexual abuse are

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) mothers. Child sexual abuse is more commonly perpetrated by males, including fathers, family friends, and teachers. This is due to societal power dynamics and historical trends in reported cases. Fathers and family friends, as male figures in a child's life, may have easier access and influence over the child. Teachers, being in positions of authority, can also exploit their power. However, mothers are less frequently involved in perpetrating child sexual abuse due to various factors such as protective instincts, societal roles, and historical gender norms. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers and educators to understand the patterns and characteristics of child sexual abuse perpetrators to effectively identify and prevent such cases. By recognizing common perpetrators, professionals can develop targeted intervention strategies, educate families on prevention, and provide support to victims. Additionally, raising awareness about the prevalence and dynamics of child sexual abuse can help reduce stigma and encourage reporting and early intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The hallmark symptom of Gout is severe pain, making option C the correct answer. Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in joints. The pain experienced during a gout flare-up is intense and is often described as excruciating. This pain is typically sudden in onset and can be debilitating for the individual. Option A, joint swelling, is a common symptom of gout, but it is not the defining characteristic. While joint swelling may accompany gout attacks, it is not unique to gout and can be seen in other types of arthritis as well. Option B, tophi, are lumps of uric acid crystals that can form under the skin near joints affected by gout. While tophi are a characteristic feature of chronic gout, they are not the initial or hallmark symptom of the condition. Option D, redness, is another common symptom of gout during an acute flare-up. The affected joint may appear red, warm, and swollen. However, redness alone is not the primary defining feature of gout. In an educational context, understanding the hallmark symptoms of gout is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the severe pain associated with gout can help healthcare providers provide appropriate pain management strategies and interventions to improve the quality of life for pediatric patients experiencing gout flare-ups.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is D) All of the above. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune condition that not only affects the joints but can also involve extra-articular manifestations. Interstitial lung disease is a common extra-articular manifestation of RA, leading to complications like pulmonary fibrosis. Cardiovascular disease is also prevalent in individuals with RA due to chronic inflammation impacting the heart and blood vessels. Neuropathy, on the other hand, is not a common extra-articular manifestation of RA. In an educational context, understanding the extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. Recognizing these manifestations can aid in early detection, appropriate management, and preventing further complications in pediatric patients with RA. It is essential for nurses to have a comprehensive understanding of how RA can impact various body systems beyond the joints to provide holistic care to pediatric patients with this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the different types of spondyloarthropathies is crucial for providing comprehensive care to children with these conditions. In this question, the correct answer is D) Rheumatoid arthritis, as it is NOT a seronegative spondyloarthropathy. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood, which is considered seropositive. On the other hand, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, such as ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis, do not typically present with rheumatoid factor in the blood. Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Reactive arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation following an infection in another part of the body. Psoriatic arthritis is associated with psoriasis and can affect the joints, skin, and nails. Educationally, understanding the differences between these conditions is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management in pediatric patients. Nurses need to be able to recognize the unique clinical presentations of each condition to provide effective care and support to pediatric patients with spondyloarthropathies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vasculitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. The correct answer, option D, "All of the above," is correct because vasculitis can manifest in various ways affecting different organs and tissues in the body. Skin lesions are a common feature of vasculitis, presenting as palpable purpura or petechiae. Nerve damage can occur due to impaired blood flow from inflamed vessels, leading to neuropathy. Organ dysfunction is also a common feature, as vasculitis can affect organs like the kidneys, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Option A, skin lesions, is a common manifestation of vasculitis, but it does not encompass the full spectrum of the condition. Option B, nerve damage, is also possible in vasculitis, especially in conditions like polyarteritis nodosa. Option C, organ dysfunction, is another common feature of vasculitis, as inflammation of blood vessels can impair organ function. In an educational context, understanding the diverse presentations of vasculitis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these manifestations early can aid in prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. Nurses need to be aware of the multi-organ involvement in vasculitis to provide comprehensive care and support to pediatric patients and their families.