ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Chief cells secrete:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chief cells in the gastric glands of the stomach secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor of pepsin, which is an enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins. This process aids in the digestion of proteins in the stomach. Chief cells do not secrete HCl (A), which is secreted by parietal cells. Intrinsic factor (C) is secreted by parietal cells and is essential for vitamin B12 absorption, not by chief cells. HCO3- (D) is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum, not by chief cells in the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
Thyroxine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Thyroxine is deiodinated in the liver to T3, so approximately 33% of thyroxine is converted to the more active form, triiodothyronine. This conversion is important for regulating metabolic processes in the body. Choices A and C are incorrect because thyroxine is primarily bound to thyroxine-binding globulin in the plasma, not albumin, and it does not stimulate TSH release. Choice B is incorrect because T3 is actually more potent than thyroxine, not the other way around.
Question 3 of 5
Which is a nutritionally essential amino acid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (B - leucine): Leucine is an essential amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, muscle repair, and growth. It is essential for overall health and well-being. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A - taurine: Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid, not nutritionally essential. C - glutamate: Glutamate is a non-essential amino acid, as the body can synthesize it. D - alanine: Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, as the body can also produce it.
Question 4 of 5
An enlargement of the thyroid gland is the condition known as .
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: goiter. An enlargement of the thyroid gland is specifically referred to as a goiter. This condition can be caused by iodine deficiency or other factors affecting thyroid hormone production. Acromegaly (A) is a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone, unrelated to the thyroid. Parathyroidism (C) refers to issues with the parathyroid glands, not the thyroid. Cushing's disease (D) is a condition involving excessive cortisol production, not thyroid enlargement. Therefore, the correct term for an enlarged thyroid gland is goiter.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH regulates the body's fluid balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. This helps maintain proper hydration levels and electrolyte balance. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (A) regulates cortisol production, not fluid balance. Luteinizing hormone (C) plays a role in reproductive functions, not fluid balance. Option D is incorrect because only antidiuretic hormone is directly involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.