ATI RN
ATI VATI Pharmacology Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Chemotherapy induces vomiting by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemotherapy-induced vomiting is primarily caused by the stimulation of neuroreceptors in the medulla oblongata, particularly the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). The CTZ is sensitive to chemical stimuli and responds to the presence of chemotherapy drugs by triggering the vomiting reflex. While irritation of the gastric mucosa can contribute to nausea, it is not the primary mechanism. Autonomic instability and inhibition of catecholamines are not directly related to chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Anti-emetic medications often target these neuroreceptors to prevent or reduce vomiting.
Question 2 of 5
The primary function of luteinizing hormone (LH) in men is to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary stimulates testosterone production in testicular Leydig cells, its primary role in men, driving male physiology. Sperm production is regulated by FSH, not LH. Secondary sex characteristics and sex organ growth depend on testosterone, which LH indirectly supports by controlling its synthesis, not directly managing. Testosterone regulation is LH's specific function, triggering steroidogenesis, essential for fertility and masculinity, distinct from FSH's gamete role.
Question 3 of 5
A 22-year-old man college student does poorly on a course examination and decides to attempt suicide. He finds a bottle of barbiturates in his mother's medicine cabinet. He takes 2 of the 30 pills in the bottle. Which of the following effects is most likely to be exhibited by the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Two barbiturate pills (low dose) likely cause sedation . Barbiturates depress CNS; small amounts induce sleepiness, not anesthesia , coma , or death . Hypnosis (E) overlaps but sedation fits best. This reflects a subtherapeutic overdose attempt.
Question 4 of 5
A 52-year-old overweight male steamroller operator presents to his primary care physician complaining of itchy, watery eyes and runny nose in the springtime. He says that he has had this problem for as long as he can remember but does not like going to doctors. His wife finally convinced him to come today to see what his physician might be able to do for him. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's chronic springtime symptoms-itchy, watery eyes, and runny nose-point to seasonal allergic rhinitis, a histamine-driven condition. Albuterol is a bronchodilator for asthma, not allergies. Diphenhydramine is an H1 antihistamine, effective but sedating, which may not suit an active steamroller operator. Epinephrine is for acute anaphylaxis, not chronic allergies. Hydroxyzine is another sedating antihistamine, less ideal for daily use. Loratadine (E), a non-sedating H1 antihistamine, effectively blocks histamine receptors, relieving symptoms without drowsiness, making it the most appropriate choice. Given his occupation and chronicity, a non-sedating option is critical for safety and compliance. Loratadine's long-acting, once-daily dosing also fits his reluctance to seek medical care, offering convenience and efficacy. The rationale prioritizes a treatment balancing symptom relief with minimal impact on his daily function, ruling out sedating or irrelevant options.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who is taking amitriptyline (Elavil) reports constipation and dry mouth. The patient notes that these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should give the patient who is experiencing constipation and dry mouth as side effects of amitriptyline (Elavil) is to increase fluid intake. Increasing fluid intake can help alleviate these side effects. Adequate hydration can help with constipation by softening stools and making bowel movements easier, and it can also help relieve dry mouth by promoting saliva production. It is a simple and effective measure that can be taken to manage these common side effects without the need to stop the medication or switch to a different antidepressant.