Chemotherapy has a major role in many childhood CNS tumors. In which of the following tumors is chemotherapy not effective?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pilocytic astrocytomas are generally low-grade and less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other listed tumors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that results in the reduced production of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Nursing interventions for a client with thalassemia aim to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Maintaining the client on bed rest helps conserve energy and prevent fatigue, which is commonly experienced due to anemia. Protecting the client from infections is crucial because individuals with thalassemia are at a higher risk of infections due to their weakened immune system. By minimizing the risk of infections, nurses can help prevent further complications in clients with thalassemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hydrocortisone is commonly used for perioperative steroid coverage due to its mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a young child triggered by a spike in body temperature, often from an infection. Febrile seizures typically occur early in the course of a high fever in children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years old. They are usually brief, lasting for less than five minutes. In about one-third of cases, febrile seizures may occur before the fever is noted by a caregiver. Therefore, the statement that febrile seizures usually occur late in the course of high fever is incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Enalapril maleate (Vasotec) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The main action of ACE inhibitors like enalapril is to decrease the levels of angiotensin II in the body. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a role in regulating blood pressure, stimulating aldosterone secretion, and promoting sodium and water retention. By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, enalapril reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and ultimately decreased levels of angiotensin II. This mechanism allows for the dilation of arterioles and veins, reduction in cardiac afterload, and ultimately decreases the workload of the heart.