ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Chemical buffers work by removing excess H+ from the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffers do not remove excess H+ from the body; instead, they help maintain the pH balance by either accepting or releasing H+ ions to prevent drastic changes in pH. Buffers act as reservoirs for H+ ions, helping to minimize pH fluctuations. The incorrect choices (A, C, D) are invalid because buffers do not actively remove H+ ions but rather help regulate their concentration.
Question 2 of 5
Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow, shallow breathing leads to the retention of carbon dioxide in the blood, which combines with water to form carbonic acid. This accumulation of carbonic acid triggers the body's buffering system, helping to return the blood pH to normal levels. Therefore, slow, shallow breathing allowing carbonic acid buildup to regulate blood pH is true. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between breathing rate, carbonic acid levels, and blood pH regulation.
Question 3 of 5
During acidosis, ammonia plays a key role in allowing for continued renal H+ secretion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During acidosis, ammonia (NH3) can combine with H+ ions in the renal tubules to form ammonium (NH4+), which can be excreted in the urine to help buffer excess H+ ions and maintain acid-base balance. This process allows for continued renal H+ secretion, making choice A true. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information. Choice B is incorrect because ammonia does indeed play a key role in facilitating renal H+ secretion during acidosis.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash has had a tracheostomy placed to allow for continued mechanical ventilation. How should the nurse interpret the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PaO 85 mm Hg, PaCO 32 mm Hg, and HCO 25 mEq/L? 2 2 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct interpretation of the arterial blood gas results is Respiratory Alkalosis. 1. pH > 7.45 indicates alkalosis. 2. PaCO2 < 35 mm Hg indicates respiratory alkalosis. 3. HCO3 within normal range (22-26 mEq/L) rules out metabolic imbalance. Therefore, the primary abnormality is a low PaCO2 causing alkalosis. Other choices are incorrect because there is no evidence of metabolic alkalosis (HCO3 normal), respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 high), or base balance (not a specific acid-base imbalance).
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL. Which nursing action should the nurse include on the care plan?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Monitor for Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. A calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL indicates hypercalcemia, which can lead to neuromuscular irritability. Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs are manifestations of hypocalcemia, but in the context of hypercalcemia, they may also present due to the calcium imbalance affecting neuromuscular function. Therefore, monitoring for these signs is crucial for early detection of potential complications. Choice A is incorrect because bed rest is not specifically indicated for hypercalcemia unless there are other medical reasons necessitating it. Choice B is incorrect because auscultating lung sounds every 4 hours is not directly related to managing hypercalcemia. Choice C is incorrect because encouraging fluid intake up to 4000 mL daily may not be appropriate without considering the patient's renal function and the potential risk of fluid overload in the context of hypercalcemia.