Characteristics of probenecid include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the metabolic products of probenecid are not uricosuric. Probenecid itself is uricosuric, meaning it promotes the excretion of uric acid from the body by inhibiting its reabsorption in the kidney tubules. Choice A is correct as probenecid does indeed promote the renal tubular secretion of penicillin. Choice B is correct as probenecid is used in the treatment of gout by lowering uric acid levels in the blood. Choice C is correct as probenecid, at appropriate doses, promotes the excretion of uric acid, thereby helping to manage conditions like gout.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metolazone acts at the distal convoluted tubule. It inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased diuresis. The distal convoluted tubule is where sodium and chloride reabsorption are regulated by aldosterone. Metolazone's mechanism of action aligns with this site, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because Metoljson's action is not targeted at the proximal convoluted tubule, ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle, or the collecting duct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Vancomycin is associated with pseudomembranous colitis due to disruption of normal gut flora. Step 2: Vancomycin can cause hepatotoxicity, indicated by elevated liver enzymes. Step 3: "Red neck" syndrome and phlebitis are potential adverse effects of rapid infusion. Step 4: Since all the mentioned effects are associated with vancomycin, D is the correct answer. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass all the unwanted effects of vancomycin as mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodoquinol. Iodoquinol is used for amoebiasis treatment due to its effectiveness against the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It works by disrupting the energy metabolism of the parasite. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic primarily used for urinary tract infections. Pyrazinamide is used for tuberculosis treatment. Mefloquine is primarily used for malaria prophylaxis and treatment. Therefore, B is the correct choice for amoebiasis treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. Didanozine is known to cause peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis as unwanted effects. 2. Hyperuricemia is also a possible side effect of didanozine. 3. Hallucinations, dizziness, insomnia (A) are not typically associated with didanozine. 4. Anemia, neutropenia, nausea (B) are not common side effects of didanozine. 5. Hypertension, vomiting, diarrhea (C) are also not typically linked to didanozine. In summary, choice D is correct because it accurately lists unwanted effects of didanozine, while the other choices do not align with common side effects of this medication.