Characteristics of pilocarpine include all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because pilocarpine actually increases secretory and motor activity of the gut. This is due to its parasympathomimetic effects on muscarinic receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Choices A, B, and D are correct because pilocarpine is indeed a tertiary amine alkaloid, causes miosis and decreases intraocular pressure, and is used in the treatment of glaucoma due to its ability to increase aqueous humor outflow.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Beta1 receptor stimulation primarily affects the heart. Stimulation leads to increased contractility, tachycardia, and increased conduction velocity in the atrioventricular node. However, bronchodilation is not a direct effect of beta1 receptor stimulation. Beta2 receptors are responsible for bronchodilation, not beta1 receptors. Therefore, choice B is incorrect. Choices A, C, and D are all correct effects of beta1 receptor stimulation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phentolamine. Phentolamine is an imidazoline derivative and a potent competitive antagonist at both alpha1 and alpha2 receptors. It blocks the effects of norepinephrine at these receptors. Prazosin (A) is an alpha1 antagonist, Labetalol (B) is a non-selective alpha and beta blocker, and Phenoxybenzamine (C) is a non-selective irreversible alpha blocker. Therefore, Phentolamine is the only drug that fits the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three drugs listed (Flurazepam, Zaleplon, Triazolam) do not significantly alter hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. These drugs primarily act on GABA receptors in the central nervous system, rather than affecting hepatic enzymes. Therefore, they do not interfere with the metabolism of other drugs in the liver. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because all of them are hypnotic drugs that do not alter hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Barbiturates are used in status epilepticus due to their ability to significantly decrease oxygen utilization by the brain, which helps protect against cerebral edema and ischemia. This is crucial in managing the acute phase of seizures in infants and children. Option B is incorrect because barbiturates have a short onset but prolonged duration of action, making them unsuitable for rapid management. Option C is incorrect as barbiturates can disrupt normal sleep architecture due to their sedative effects. Therefore, the correct choice is A for its specific neuroprotective properties in the context of status epilepticus.