Characteristics of barbiturate intoxication (2-3 dose) include all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because sharp swings from a cheerful mood to an aggressive state are not typically associated with barbiturate intoxication. Barbiturates generally depress the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as stupor, confusion, and slowed thinking. Choice A includes symptoms like vertigo and myasthenia, which can be experienced during barbiturate intoxication. Choice B includes symptoms like perceptual distortions, behavior changes, and speech excitation, which are commonly seen in barbiturate intoxication. Choice D mentions sleep with subsequent weakness and headaches, which are also common symptoms of barbiturate intoxication. Overall, the incorrect choices describe symptoms that align with barbiturate intoxication, making C the outlier.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because stimulant purgatives work by increasing motility and secretion in the intestines. This leads to enhanced peristalsis, resulting in the expulsion of fecal matter. Choice A is incorrect as stimulant purgatives do not directly affect the volume of non-absorbable solid residue. Choice C is incorrect as altering fecal consistency is not the primary mechanism of stimulant purgatives. Choice D is incorrect as stimulant purgatives primarily work by increasing motility and secretion, not the water content in the intestines.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium pump, leading to an increase in intracellular sodium. Step 2: Increased intracellular sodium levels reduce the activity of the sodium-calcium exchanger. Step 3: Slowing down the sodium-calcium exchanger causes an increase in intracellular calcium levels in myocardial cells. Step 4: Therefore, the statement that digoxin increases intracellular calcium concentrations by slowing the action of the sodium-calcium exchanger is TRUE. Summary: Choice A is correct because it accurately describes the mechanism by which digoxin increases intracellular calcium levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the relationship between digoxin and intracellular calcium levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 10-30 minutes. Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed sublingually and has a short duration of action due to rapid metabolism. This short duration is crucial for managing acute conditions like angina. Choice B (6-8 hours) is incorrect because sublingual nitroglycerin does not have such an extended duration of action. Choice C (3-5 minutes) is too short as the effects of nitroglycerin last longer. Choice D (1.5-2 hours) is also incorrect as it overestimates the duration of action. Thus, the correct answer is A due to the rapid onset and short duration of sublingual nitroglycerin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! Angiotensinamide is a peptide derived from angiotensinogen that activates angiotensin receptors. Step 1: Angiotensinamide is a component of the renin-angiotensin system and binds specifically to angiotensin receptors. Step 2: Angiotensin receptors are a distinct class of receptors that respond to angiotensin peptides, including angiotensinamide. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because angiotensinamide does not activate adrenergic, cholinergic, or dopaminergic receptors, but rather specifically binds to angiotensin receptors.