Cervical spine injury:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because cervical spine injury can initially present as a neurologic deficit after neck movement due to spinal cord compression or injury. This is due to the delicate nature of the spinal cord in the cervical region. Choices B and C are incorrect as normal range of motion and physical examination maneuvers may not rule out cervical spine injury. Choice D is incorrect as a crosstable lateral x-ray may miss certain types of cervical spine injuries, such as ligamentous or soft tissue damage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation" should be performed first in any patient with potential multiple closed extremity fractures. This is because prioritizing oxygenation and ventilation is crucial to prevent hypoxia and respiratory compromise, which can be life-threatening. Once the patient's oxygenation and ventilation are stabilized, further assessments and interventions can be performed. A: "A thorough assessment of four limb perfusion" may be important but ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation takes precedence. B: "Maneuvers to prevent necrosis of the skin" is not the immediate priority over ensuring oxygenation and ventilation. C: "Extremity compartment syndrome release" is a critical intervention but should be performed after ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because person-centered care emphasizes promoting a resident's personal preferences and individual choices. This approach focuses on tailoring care to meet the unique needs and preferences of each individual. By prioritizing the resident's autonomy and personal values, person-centered care enhances the quality of life and overall well-being. Choice A is incorrect because person-centered care does not involve nursing staff making unilateral decisions for residents. Choice C is incorrect as person-centered care recognizes the importance of individualized care rather than treating all residents the same way. Choice D is incorrect because person-centered care involves respecting residents' choices and preferences, rather than enforcing uniform activities for everyone.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To encourage people to make decisions about advance directives. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) aims to empower individuals to express their healthcare preferences in advance through advance directives such as living wills and healthcare proxies. This helps ensure that patients' wishes regarding medical treatment are known and respected. Choice A is incorrect because the PSDA is not related to in-service training for nursing assistants. Choice B is incorrect as the act primarily focuses on patient autonomy rather than the privacy of health information. Choice D is incorrect because the act does not pertain to detailing how abuse should be reported.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nursing assistant plays a crucial role in care planning by sharing observations that may impact the care plan. This is important as they are in direct contact with the residents and can provide valuable insights to the healthcare team. Choice A is incorrect as creating the care plan is typically done by licensed healthcare professionals. Choice C is incorrect as making changes to the care plan is also usually done by licensed professionals based on assessments. Choice D is incorrect as discussing the diagnosis with the resident's friends and family is not within the scope of the nursing assistant's role in care planning.