Cerebral palsy can be caused by

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Birth trauma. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects movement and posture, often caused by damage to the developing brain before, during, or shortly after birth. Birth trauma, such as oxygen deprivation during delivery, can lead to cerebral palsy. Vehicular accidents (A), accidents after the age of three (B), and communicable diseases (D) are not direct causes of cerebral palsy as they do not typically result in brain damage during the critical developmental period around birth.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Incontinence. Restraint use can lead to incontinence due to restricted movement and inability to access the toilet. Restraints can prevent patients from being able to control their bladder or bowels, resulting in involuntary leakage or accidents. Decreased agitation (B) is not a complication but a potential benefit of restraint use. Increased appetite (C) and diarrhea (D) are not directly linked to restraint use and are less likely complications compared to incontinence in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A bath blanket. A bath blanket is used to cover a resident while making an occupied bed to respect their right to privacy. It provides temporary coverage and maintains the resident's dignity. Incorrect choices: B: A bedspread is not suitable for covering a resident during bed-making as it is too heavy and may cause discomfort. C: A waterproof bed protector is used to protect the mattress from spills and accidents, not to cover a resident during bed-making. D: A fitted bottom sheet is used to cover the mattress, not the resident, during bed-making.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema. Edema refers to swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid. Emesis (A) means vomiting, not swelling. Enema (C) is a procedure involving the introduction of fluid into the rectum. Eczema (D) is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, not related to fluid accumulation. Thus, B is the correct choice for the medical term describing swelling due to fluid retention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fluid overload can occur when the kidneys and lungs are not working properly. The kidneys regulate fluid balance by filtering and excreting excess fluid as urine. If the kidneys are impaired, excess fluid can accumulate in the body leading to fluid overload. The lungs play a role in maintaining fluid balance through respiration, as they help regulate the amount of water vapor lost during breathing. If the lungs are not functioning properly, fluid can accumulate in the lungs and other tissues, contributing to fluid overload. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly impact fluid balance regulation in the body.