Central adiposity is strongly associated with

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Central adiposity refers to fat accumulation around the abdomen, which is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders like heart disease and stroke. The excess fat in this area can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, contributing to cardiovascular issues. Liver diseases are more closely associated with visceral fat accumulation, not specifically central adiposity. Lung diseases and reproductive illnesses are not directly linked to central adiposity. Therefore, choice A is correct due to the established connection between central adiposity and cardiovascular disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the epidermis. The epidermis is not an accessory structure of the skin; it is the outermost layer of the skin responsible for protection. Lamellar corpuscles, sweat glands, and hair follicles are accessory structures because they are not part of the main structure of the skin but serve specific functions like detecting pressure, producing sweat, and generating hair respectively. The epidermis is essential for skin integrity, while the accessory structures play roles in sensory perception and temperature regulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B - the client who has just arrived from the emergency department with facial burns associated with a house fire. This client should be assessed first because facial burns can compromise the airway and breathing, posing an immediate threat to life. As a nurse, ensuring adequate airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) is a top priority in emergency situations. Option A may seem urgent due to the severe leg pain, but deep partial-thickness burns do not immediately jeopardize airway or breathing. Option C, while important, involves a client who has already received treatment and is not currently in an acute life-threatening situation. Option D, the client waiting for discharge teaching, is the least urgent as their condition has been stable for weeks. Educationally, this question highlights the critical thinking needed in prioritizing care based on the acuity of the situation. Understanding the immediate threats posed by certain conditions, such as facial burns and potential airway compromise, is crucial for nurses working in emergency or critical care settings. It reinforces the importance of ABC assessments and quick decision-making in prioritizing care to ensure the best outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the best nursing action to delegate to an experienced nursing assistant is option C, which is to remind the family to help the client to the commode every 2 hours during the day. This action directly addresses the factors contributing to impaired skin integrity, such as immobility and bladder incontinence. Option A would require more specialized knowledge and skill to ensure proper application of skin barrier cream. Option B involves assessing and making recommendations regarding the client's nutrition, which falls more under the scope of a nurse's responsibilities. Option D involves evaluating and documenting improvements in skin integrity, which requires nursing assessment and clinical judgment. Educationally, it's important to understand the principles of delegation in nursing practice. Delegating tasks to nursing assistants should be based on their skill level, the complexity of the task, and the client's condition. By delegating appropriate tasks, nurses can optimize efficiency and ensure quality care for clients while promoting teamwork within the healthcare team.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "The client complains of epigastric pain," is the most concerning information. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, and pancreatitis, which may present as epigastric pain. This symptom could indicate a serious adverse effect of the medication that requires immediate attention to prevent complications. Option A, "The client's blood glucose is 136 mg/dL," is less concerning because a blood glucose level of 136 mg/dL is within the normal range and is not typically associated with prednisone use at that dose. Option B, "The client states, 'I am eating all the time,'" may be a side effect of prednisone, known as increased appetite or weight gain, but it is a common and expected side effect rather than a sign of a serious adverse effect. Option D, "The client's blood pressure is 148/84," while elevated, is not directly related to the adverse effects of prednisone and is also not as immediately concerning as the symptom of epigastric pain, which could indicate a potentially serious complication. Educationally, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Recognizing and prioritizing concerning symptoms can help prevent further complications and ensure timely intervention. It is essential for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for adverse effects of medications and promptly address any concerning symptoms to optimize patient outcomes.