Causes of per vaginal bleeding include

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervical cancer. Cervical cancer can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding due to the presence of cancerous cells in the cervix. This can lead to spotting or bleeding between periods. Endometrial cancer (choice B) and endometrial carcinoma (choice D) specifically involve the endometrium, not the cervix. Leiomyoma (choice C) refers to uterine fibroids, which can cause heavy menstrual bleeding but are not typically associated with vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly relates to per vaginal bleeding, while the other choices are not directly linked to this symptom.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: scrotum. The scrotum is a male-specific structure that houses the testes, which are responsible for producing sperm. In females, there is no homologous structure that serves the same function as the scrotum. The other choices (A: penis, C: prostate, D: bulbourethral glands) have homologous structures in females (clitoris, Skene's glands, and Bartholin's glands, respectively). This differentiation is based on the embryological development of male and female reproductive structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: one ovum. During oogenesis, a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis to produce one mature ovum and three polar bodies. The ovum contains the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles needed for fertilization. The other choices are incorrect because: A: one secondary oocyte - After meiosis I, the primary oocyte develops into one secondary oocyte and one polar body. B: two secondary oocytes - This is not a possible outcome of oogenesis as only one secondary oocyte is produced. D: four ootids - Ootids are the immediate products of meiosis II in oogenesis and are not the final mature gametes like the ovum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vestibule. The vestibule is the space between the labia minora, housing the openings of the urethra and vagina. It is a specific anatomical term that describes this precise area. The other choices, A: vulva refers to the external female genitalia as a whole, C: vaginal orifice specifically denotes the opening of the vagina, and D: pudendal cleft is a term not commonly used in anatomy to describe this specific space. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the anatomical structure in question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: estrogen. Estrogen is responsible for thickening the lining of the uterus during the menstrual cycle in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles. Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation. Progesterone helps maintain the uterine lining during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen plays a key role in the initial thickening of the uterine lining, making it the correct choice.