Carboxypeptidase requires _______ for its activity

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Carboxypeptidase is a metalloenzyme that requires zinc (Zn) for its activity as a cofactor. Zinc plays a crucial role in stabilizing the enzyme's structure and facilitating the catalytic reaction. Copper (A), niacin (B), and iron (C) are not directly involved in the enzymatic activity of carboxypeptidase. Copper is more commonly associated with other enzymes like cytochrome c oxidase, niacin is a vitamin, and iron is typically involved in heme-containing proteins like hemoglobin. Zinc is the correct choice as it directly supports carboxypeptidase function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stop the TPN infusion. If the TPN solution is infusing too rapidly, stopping the infusion is the most appropriate immediate action to prevent potential complications such as hyperglycemia, fluid overload, or electrolyte imbalances. This allows the nurse to assess the situation, adjust the infusion rate, and prevent harm to the client. A: Turning the client on his left side or sitting the client upright would not directly address the issue of the TPN solution infusing too rapidly. C: Adding insulin to the TPN infusion without assessing the client's blood glucose levels and consulting with the healthcare provider could lead to hypoglycemia and is not the initial priority when the TPN rate is too fast.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol abuse and smoking. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are well-established risk factors for peptic ulcers. Alcohol can irritate and damage the stomach lining, while smoking can increase stomach acid production and weaken the stomach lining. These factors can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers. Choice A (A sedentary lifestyle and smoking) is incorrect because while smoking is a risk factor, a sedentary lifestyle is not directly linked to the development of peptic ulcers. Choice B (A history of hemorrhoids and smoking) is incorrect because hemorrhoids are not a known risk factor for peptic ulcers. Choice C (Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure) is incorrect because acute renal failure is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers, unlike alcohol abuse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (2 layers). The greater omentum consists of a double layer of peritoneum, which is a serous membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium. Therefore, when a pin is placed through the greater omentum, it would pass through two layers of simple squamous epithelium. Choice A (0) is incorrect because there are indeed layers of epithelium in the greater omentum. Choice B (1) is incorrect because there are two layers of epithelium. Choice D (3) is incorrect as there are only two layers to pass through.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands. Salivary glands are compound glands with both tubular and alveolar structures, allowing for both secretion and storage of saliva. The tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar structure allows for efficient production and release of saliva. Incorrect choices: B: Compound alveolar or acinar glands - Alveolar and acinar glands do not have the tubular structure required for efficient saliva production. C: Compound tubular glands - Tubular glands lack the alveolar structure needed for storage and release of saliva. D: Simple branched alveolar or acinar glands - Simple glands do not have the complexity needed for optimal saliva production and release.