Carbimazole differs from propylthiouracil in that:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C) Carbimazole does not produce an active metabolite. Rationale: 1. Carbimazole is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, methimazole, in the body. 2. Methimazole is the active compound responsible for inhibiting thyroid hormone production. 3. Propylthiouracil, on the other hand, directly inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis without needing conversion. 4. Therefore, Carbimazole differs from propylthiouracil in that it requires metabolic activation to its active form, methimazole, and does not produce a different active metabolite like propylthiouracil does. Summary: A) Incorrect: Carbimazole is not dose to dose less potent compared to propylthiouracil; potency can vary based on individual response. B) Incorrect: Carbimazole actually has a longer plasma half-life compared to propylthiouracil. D) Incorrect: Carbim

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tyrosine protein kinase receptor. The insulin receptor is a type of receptor that belongs to the tyrosine kinase family. It works by phosphorylating tyrosine residues on itself and other proteins, triggering a signaling cascade that regulates glucose uptake and metabolism. This process is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels. Option A is incorrect because the insulin receptor is not an ion channel regulating receptor. Option C is incorrect as the insulin receptor does not belong to the G-protein coupled receptor family. Option D is incorrect as the insulin receptor is indeed a tyrosine protein kinase receptor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Tight control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients aims to reduce complications. Step 2: Multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pumps can lead to hypoglycemia. Step 3: Hypoglycemic reactions are associated with tight control methods. Step 4: Therefore, option C is correct as it highlights the higher incidence of hypoglycemic reactions with round-the-clock tight control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sodium bicarbonate. In diabetic ketoacidosis, the blood becomes acidic due to ketone accumulation. Administering sodium bicarbonate can worsen the acidosis by shifting the pH too rapidly. Insulin is essential to lower blood glucose levels, IV fluids are necessary to correct dehydration, and potassium chloride is needed to replenish electrolytes. Sodium bicarbonate is not recommended as it can lead to potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Sulfonylureas work by increasing insulin release from the pancreas, which helps lower blood sugar levels. Nondiabetics already have a properly functioning insulin system, so sulfonylureas would not have a significant impact on their blood sugar levels. In contrast, type 1 and type 2 diabetics have insulin deficiency or resistance, making them more responsive to sulfonylureas. Obese diabetics may also benefit from sulfonylureas as they can help improve insulin sensitivity. In summary, sulfonylureas are effective in individuals with diabetes but not in nondiabetics.