Capsular cumulative hydrostatic and colloidal pressure is ;

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Capsular pressure (hydrostatic ~10-15 mmHg + colloid ~15-20 mmHg) totals ~30 mmHg, not 15, 35, or 45. This sums opposing forces, key for net filtration, contrasting with single values.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glomerulus is the capillary tuft in the corpuscle, not podocytes (cells), calyx (collecting), or pyramid (medulla). This defines filtration site, critical for GFR, contrasting with other terms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis isn't the most common renal ARF cause acute tubular necrosis (ATN) dominates (e.g., ischemia/toxins), incorrect. Pre-renal urea:creatinine rises hypoperfusion concentrates urea, true. Post-renal obstruction is less common e.g., stones rarer than ATN, accurate. Glomerulonephritis shows hematuria, pyuria, casts classic, correct. ATN's prevalence distinguishes the error, critical for ARF etiology, unlike true pre/post-renal or diagnostic statements.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: E. coli is the most likely UTI organism ~80% of uncomplicated cases (e.g., adheres via fimbriae), dominant in community settings. Staph saprophyticus ranks second young women, ~10-15%. Pseudomonas and Klebsiella occur in complicated UTIs hospitalized/catheterized, less common. E. coli's prevalence distinguishes it, key to UTI etiology, unlike secondary or nosocomial pathogens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amiodarone causes epididymitis, not orchitis drug-induced, not infectious, distinguishing it as not epididimoorchitis (combined). Mumps virus spreads to testes classic. Pseudomonas infects epididymis/testes nosocomial. Cryptococcus (fungal) affects immunocompromised rare but true. Amiodarone's epididymal limit distinguishes it, key to etiology differentiation, unlike infectious causes.