ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions On Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Capillary pressure in the renal glomeruli:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glomerular capillary pressure (~55 mmHg) exceeds most capillaries (~20-30 mmHg) e.g., drives GFR. It's higher than efferent (~15 mmHg) not lower. Afferent constriction lowers it not raises. Pressure drop isn't 1:1 autoregulated. High pressure distinguishes it, critical for filtration, unlike efferent or constriction effects.
Question 2 of 5
Metabolic acidosis occurs in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure as a result of impaired
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In oliguric acute renal failure, impaired ammonia synthesis prevents hydrogen ion buffering, causing acidosis not sodium excretion (electrolyte), bicarbonate loss (compensatory), or potassium retention (separate issue). This distinguishes renal acidosis etiology, critical for managing pH imbalance, contrasting with electrolyte-focused mechanisms.
Question 3 of 5
During the nursing assessment of the patient with renal insufficiency, the nurse asks the patient specifically about a history of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension, a leading cause of renal insufficiency, damages renal vessels not angina (cardiac), asthma (respiratory), or arthritis (autoimmune). This distinguishes hypertension's etiological role, critical for history-taking, contrasting with unrelated conditions.
Question 4 of 5
Signs and symptoms of acute rejection that the nurse should teach the patient to observe for include
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute rejection presents with fever and graft tenderness from immune attack not tachycardia (nonspecific), hypotension (shock), or infections (complications). This distinguishes acute rejection signs, critical for patient education, contrasting with systemic or infectious issues.
Question 5 of 5
All the following regarding UTI are true EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: UTIs are common in women, less so in older men, and occur in community/hospital settings, but E. coli (not Streptococcus pyogenes) is the commonest cause (>80%). This exception distinguishes UTI microbiology, vital for treatment, contrasting with streptococcal dominance.