Capillary hydrostatic pressure during filtration is built in the glomerulus as

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Efferent arteriole's narrowness raises glomerular pressure not Bowman's size/shape or afferent narrowness. This explains filtration pressure, key for GFR, contrasting with structural myths.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prostaglandins D/I/E cause renal vasodilation increase RBF and GFR (e.g., counter sympathetic tone). Vasoconstriction (e.g., PGF) decreases GFR opposite. Sodium reabsorption is tubular not vascular. Capsular pressure isn't prostaglandin-linked. Vasodilation's GFR boost distinguishes it, key to maintaining filtration, unlike constriction or tubular effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bladder distension from increased intravesical pressure (filling) produces reflex contraction and sphincter relaxation micturition reflex (e.g., parasympathetic). Decreased pressure retains opposite. Osmolarity affects tubules not bladder. Low volume contracts sphincters delays voiding. Reflex response distinguishes it, key to micturition, unlike retention or tubular errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 20% of plasma entering glomeruli is filtered filtration fraction (e.g., GFR/RPF ≈ 125/625 mL/min). 1% underestimates too small. 99% overstates all plasma isn't filtered. 15% is close standard is 20%. Filtration fraction distinguishes it, key to glomerular dynamics, unlike extreme or near values.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Excreted glucose = filtered - Tmax: 200 mg/mL × 125 mL/min = 25,000 mg/min ÷ 100 = 250 mg/min - 200 = 50 mg/min (unit correction assumed). Zero assumes full reabsorption false above Tmax. 25/75 miscalculate filtration incorrect. 50 mg/min distinguishes it, key to glucosuria threshold, unlike total or erroneous values.