Cancer is the second major cause of death in this country. What is the first step toward effective cancer control?

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Nursing Process 1 Test Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

Cancer is the second major cause of death in this country. What is the first step toward effective cancer control?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because changing habits and customs that predispose the individual to cancer is crucial in preventing cancer. This includes lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding excessive sun exposure. By modifying behaviors that increase cancer risk, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of developing cancer. A: Increasing governmental control of potential carcinogens is not the first step towards effective cancer control as individual behaviors have a more direct impact on cancer risk. C: Conducting more mass screening programs is important but not the first step as prevention through lifestyle changes takes priority. D: Educating the public and professionals about cancer is essential but changing habits is the initial crucial step in effective cancer control.

Question 2 of 5

When the nurse is reviewing a patient’s daily laboratory test results, which of the ff. electrolyte imbalances should the nurse recognize as predisposing the patient to digoxin toxicity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Digoxin toxicity can be potentiated by hypokalemia due to the risk of enhanced cardiac toxicity. 2. Hypokalemia can lead to increased sensitivity of cardiac cells to digoxin. 3. Low potassium levels can disrupt the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, enhancing digoxin's effects. 4. The nurse should recognize hypokalemia as a predisposing factor for digoxin toxicity. Summary: A: Hypokalemia is the correct answer as it enhances digoxin toxicity by affecting cardiac function. B: Hyponatremia does not directly predispose to digoxin toxicity. C: Hyperkalemia is not a predisposing factor and can actually counteract digoxin's effects. D: Hypernatremia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity.

Question 3 of 5

If the systolic BP is elevated and the diastolic BP is normal, the nurse recognizes that a patient is most likely to have which type of hypertension?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Isolated systolic hypertension. This is because in isolated systolic hypertension, the systolic blood pressure is elevated while the diastolic blood pressure remains normal. This condition is common in older adults and is often related to aging and stiffening of the arteries. Primary hypertension (A) typically involves both elevated systolic and diastolic pressures. Secondary hypertension (C) is caused by an underlying condition. Hypertensive emergency (D) is characterized by severe elevations in both systolic and diastolic pressures with acute target organ damage.

Question 4 of 5

Why should the nurse monitor angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors cautiously in clients with renal or hepatic impairment and in older adults?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A sudden drop in BP may occur during the first 1-3 hours after the initial dose. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can cause vasodilation, leading to a reduction in blood pressure. In clients with renal or hepatic impairment and in older adults, these medications may not be cleared from the body as efficiently, increasing the risk of hypotension. Monitoring is crucial to prevent complications. Incorrect choices: A: A sudden raise in BP is unlikely with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. C: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors do not affect body temperature. D: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors typically do not cause a sudden rise in pulse rate. In summary, monitoring for a potential drop in blood pressure is essential in vulnerable populations when using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.

Question 5 of 5

Why should clients who take warfarin (Coumadin) refrain from food items such as green leafy vegetables and soybeans?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because green leafy vegetables and soybeans are high in Vitamin K, which counteracts the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Warfarin works by inhibiting Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. By consuming Vitamin K-rich foods, the medication's effectiveness is reduced, leading to an increased risk of blood clot formation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific interaction between Vitamin K and warfarin in affecting coagulation. Choice B suggests the opposite effect of what actually occurs. Choices C and D are irrelevant to the pharmacological mechanism of warfarin.

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